What is a standing wave in a transmission line?

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A standing wave in a transmission line is a wave that appears to be stationary, resulting from the interference of two waves traveling in opposite directions.

A standing wave is formed when a wave traveling in one direction reflects back upon encountering an impedance mismatch in the transmission line.
The interference between the incident and reflected waves creates regions of constructive and destructive interference, resulting in nodes and antinodes along the transmission line.
Standing waves can cause voltage and current variations along the transmission line, leading to signal distortion and power loss.
The standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of the quality of the transmission line, with lower SWR indicating better impedance matching.
An example of a standing wave phenomenon is the voltage distribution along an antenna, where nodes represent points of minimum voltage and antinodes represent points of maximum voltage.

What is a standing wave in a transmission line?

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