Threat, Vulnerability and Risk Difference Authentication and Authorization Difference

Question

Accepted Answer

Threat, vulnerability, and risk are related to security while authentication and authorization are related to access control.

Threat is a potential danger that can exploit a vulnerability and cause harm.
Vulnerability is a weakness in a system that can be exploited by a threat.
Risk is the likelihood of a threat exploiting a vulnerability and the impact it will have.
Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system.
Authorization is the process of granting or denying access to resources based on the authenticated identity.
For example, a threat could be a hacker attempting to exploit a vulnerability in a web application. The vulnerability could be a SQL injection flaw. The risk would be the likelihood of the hacker successfully exploiting the vulnerability and the impact it would have on the application and its users.
Authentication could involve a user entering a username and password to access a system. Authorization could involve granting the user access to certain files or folders based on their role in the organization.

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