Paushak Instrument Executive Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

A centrifuge is a machine that uses centrifugal force to separate substances of different densities or to remove moisture.

• Centrifuges are commonly used in laboratories to separate components of blood or other fluids.

• They work by spinning samples at high speeds, causing heavier particles to move towards the bottom of the tube.

• Centrifuges can also be used in industrial processes, such as separating oil from water in the

Crystallization is the process of formation of solid crystals from a homogeneous solution.

• Crystals are formed when atoms or molecules arrange themselves in a repeating pattern.

• It involves the separation of solute particles from a solution to form a solid crystal.

• Crystallization is used in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, food processing, and chemical manufacturing.

• Examples include the formation of sugar crys...read more

Crystal formation is more at the point of supersaturation, where the solution contains more solute than it can normally hold.

• Crystal formation is more likely when the solution is cooled slowly, allowing time for the molecules to arrange themselves into a crystal lattice.

• Higher concentrations of solute in the solution increase the chances of crystal formation.

• Impurities in the solution can act as nucleation sites, promo...read more

Distillation is a process of separating components of a liquid mixture based on differences in boiling points.

• Distillation involves heating the liquid mixture to create vapor, then cooling the vapor to condense it back into liquid form.

• The components with lower boiling points will vaporize first and be collected, leaving behind components with higher boiling points.

• Common examples of distillation include the production...read more

Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into vapor, fire point is the temperature at which a substance can ignite and sustain combustion, and flash point is the temperature at which a substance gives off enough vapor to ignite momentarily.

• Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes into vapor by overcoming atmospheric pressure.

• Fire point is the temperature at which a substance can ignite...read more

The required oxygen percentage in a confined space is typically between 19.5% and 23.5%.

• Oxygen percentage in a confined space should be maintained between 19.5% and 23.5% for safe working conditions.

• Levels below 19.5% can lead to hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) and levels above 23.5% can increase the risk of fire.

• It is important to regularly monitor and test the oxygen levels in confined spaces to ensure safety.

• Proper vent...read more

Centrifugal force is the outward force experienced by an object moving in a circular path.

• Centrifugal force is not a real force, but rather a perceived force due to inertia.

• It is the opposite of centripetal force, which is the inward force keeping an object in circular motion.

• Examples include the feeling of being pushed to the side in a car when it takes a sharp turn, or water being pushed outwards in a spinning bucket

A permit system is a formal process used to control and manage work activities in hazardous environments.

• Permit systems ensure that proper precautions are taken before work begins

• They typically involve obtaining written authorization to perform work

• Common types of permits include hot work permits, confined space permits, and electrical work permits

Unit operations are individual steps in a chemical process used to transform raw materials into desired products.

• Mixing: combining two or more substances to create a homogenous mixture (e.g. blending ingredients in baking)

• Separation: dividing a mixture into its individual components (e.g. distillation to separate alcohol from water)

• Heat Transfer: exchanging heat between substances to change temperature or phase (e.g. h...read more

Unit operations involve physical changes in materials, while reactions involve chemical transformations.

• Unit operations involve physical processes like filtration, distillation, and crystallization.

• Reactions involve chemical processes like oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis.

• Unit operations focus on separating, mixing, or changing the physical state of materials.

• Reactions focus on transforming the chemical composition...read more