10+ Nalashaa Solutions Interview Questions and Answers

Errors can be reported in log files using error_log() function in PHP.

• Use error_log() function to log errors in a file

• Specify the error message and the log file path as parameters

• Example: error_log('Error message', 3, '/var/log/php_errors.log')

• Use error_reporting() function to set the level of error reporting

Query to get 4th highest salary from employees table

• Use ORDER BY and LIMIT to get the 4th highest salary

• Join the employees table with itself to avoid duplicates

• Use subquery to get the 4th highest salary

Group by and having are used to group data and filter groups based on conditions.

• Group by is used to group data based on a specific column or expression.

• Having is used to filter groups based on conditions.

• Sample query: SELECT column1, COUNT(column2) FROM table GROUP BY column1 HAVING COUNT(column2) > 10;

Middleware in Laravel is a mechanism that allows filtering HTTP requests entering your application.

• Middleware can be used to authenticate users, authorize access, handle CORS, log requests, etc.

• Middleware can be applied globally to all routes or specific to certain routes or groups of routes.

• To create a middleware, use the `make:middleware` Artisan command.

• Middleware can be registered in the `app/Http/Kernel.php` file.

• Middleware can be assigned to routes using the `middleware...read more

Laravel follows a series of steps to handle a request and generate a response.

• The request is first received by the web server and passed to the index.php file in the public directory.

• The index.php file loads the Laravel framework and creates an instance of the application.

• The application then handles the request by routing it to the appropriate controller method.

• The controller method processes the request and returns a response.

• The response is then sent back to the web server...read more

Arrays and string functions are essential in PHP development.

• Array functions: array_push(), array_pop(), array_merge(), array_slice()

• String functions: strlen(), str_replace(), strpos(), strtolower()

• Examples: array_push($array, 'value'), strlen('hello'), str_replace('world', 'PHP', 'Hello world')

Object-oriented concepts are fundamental principles in programming that allow for the creation and manipulation of objects.

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods together in a single unit (class)

• Inheritance: creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting their properties and behaviors

• Polymorphism: the ability of objects to take on many forms, allowing for flexibility and extensibility

• Abstraction: simplifying complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, more mana...read more

Magic methods in PHP are special methods that are automatically called in response to certain events or actions.

• Magic methods start with a double underscore (__) followed by the method name.

• They are used to implement functionality such as overloading, property access, and object serialization.

• Examples of magic methods include __construct(), __get(), __set(), __toString(), etc.

Exceptions can be handled using try-catch blocks in PHP.

• Use try-catch blocks to enclose the code that may throw an exception.

• Catch the exception using catch block and handle it appropriately.

• Multiple catch blocks can be used to handle different types of exceptions.

• Finally block can be used to execute code regardless of whether an exception occurred or not.