When you compile and run a high-level language program, what happens in the computer? Explain everything from lexical analysis, syntactic analysis, intermediate code generation (ICG), code optimization, code generation, then paging, caching, pipelining, interrupts, polling, instruction sets, and ALU operations.

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When a high-level language program is compiled and run, it goes through lexical analysis, syntactic analysis, intermediate code generation, code optimization, code generation, paging, caching, pipelining, interrupts, polling, instruction sets, and ALU operations.

Lexical analysis: Converts source code into tokens.
Syntactic analysis: Checks the grammar and structure of the program.
Intermediate code generation: Translates the source code into an intermediate representation.
Code optimization: Improves the efficiency of the code.
Code generation: Translates the intermediate code into machine code.
Paging: Manages memory by dividing it into fixed-size blocks.
Caching: Stores frequently accessed data for faster retrieval.
Pipelining: Overlaps the execution of multiple instructions.
Interrupts: Signals the processor to suspend its current task and handle a specific event.
Polling: Constantly checks for a condition to occur.
Instruction sets: Defines the operations that a processor can perform.
ALU operations: Arithmetic and logical operations performed by the Arithmetic Logic Unit.