how ospf work , stp type and diffvernaces , why vlan create

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Explanation of OSPF, STP types and VLAN creation.

OSPF is a link-state routing protocol that uses Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the shortest path.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) prevents loops in a network by blocking redundant paths.
STP types include PVST (Per-VLAN Spanning Tree), RPVST+ (Rapid PVST+), and MSTP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol).
VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) are created to segment a network into smaller broadcast domains and improve network performance.
VLANs can be used to separate different departments or groups of users, or to isolate traffic for security reasons.
VLANs can also be used to extend a network across multiple physical locations using VLAN tagging.

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