What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java, and can you explain concepts such as encapsulation and polymorphism with examples?

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OOP in Java is a programming paradigm that uses objects to design applications. Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods, while polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

OOP in Java focuses on creating objects that interact with each other to design applications
Encapsulation in Java involves bundling data (variables) and methods (functions) within a class to restrict access from outside
Polymorphism in Java allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class, enabling flexibility and reusability of code
Example of encapsulation: private variables in a class can only be accessed through public methods
Example of polymorphism: a parent class reference variable can refer to a child class object

What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java, and can you explain concepts such as encapsulation and polymorphism with examples?

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