How STP works and its timer?

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Accepted Answer

STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) prevents network loops by blocking redundant paths and selecting the shortest path.

STP is a protocol used to prevent network loops in a switched network.
It works by blocking redundant paths and selecting the shortest path.
STP uses a timer called Hello Time to send messages between switches to detect changes in the network topology.
If a switch detects a change, it sends a BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) to all other switches to update the network topology.
STP also uses a timer called Max Age to determine when a switch should consider a BPDU as expired and take action to update the network topology.
STP can also be configured with different modes such as RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) and MSTP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol) to optimize network performance.
Example: If there are two paths between Switch A and Switch B, STP will block one path to prevent a network loop and select the shortest path.
Example: If a switch fails, STP will detect the change and update the network topology by unblocking a previously blocked path.

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