KLA Hardware Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What kind FPGAs used, tell me difference
Ans. 
FPGAs are Field-Programmable Gate Arrays used in hardware design. They can be categorized as SRAM-based, Flash-based, or Antifuse-based.
• SRAM-based FPGAs are volatile and require reprogramming every time they power up. Examples include Xilinx Virtex series.

• Flash-based FPGAs are non-volatile and retain their configuration even when powered off. Examples include Actel ProASIC3 series.

• Antifuse-based FPGAs are OTP (One-Time...read more
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Q2. Calculation of Decoupling analysis
Ans. 
Decoupling analysis involves calculating the required capacitance to maintain stable voltage levels in a circuit.
• Decoupling analysis is essential for ensuring stable power supply in electronic circuits.

• It involves calculating the amount of capacitance needed to filter out noise and maintain voltage levels.

• Decoupling capacitors are placed strategically in a circuit to provide this filtering effect.

• The formula for calcul...read more
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Basic ece ques and apti

Q1. What are flip flops and latches
Ans. 
Flip flops and latches are sequential logic circuits used in digital electronics to store and transfer data.
• Flip flops are clocked circuits that store one bit of data, while latches are level-sensitive circuits that store data as long as the enable signal is active.

• Flip flops are edge-triggered, meaning they change state on a clock edge, while latches are level-triggered, changing state as long as the enable signal is ...read more
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Q2. Verilog projects
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Questions on dgital electronics and circuits

Q1. Questions on digital electronics , STA and FSM and Verilog
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Digital Electronics, verilog basics,C language basics,

Q1. Project description, digital system design for start bit detector in UART
Ans. 
Designing a digital system for detecting start bit in UART communication
• The start bit is the first bit in a UART transmission and is always a logic low

• The system should sample the incoming data at a rate higher than the baud rate to accurately detect the start bit

• A shift register can be used to store the incoming data and detect the start bit

• The system should also check for framing errors and parity errors
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Q2. Project description, latch based circuit and flip flop based circuits, 1 puzzle
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Basic apptitude and digital and analog mcqs

Q1. Design a 3 input xor gate using 4:1mux
Ans. 
Use a 4:1 mux to create a 3 input XOR gate.
• Connect two of the inputs to the select lines of the mux.

• Connect the third input to one of the data inputs of the mux.

• Connect the other data input of the mux to the output of an XOR gate between the first two inputs.

• Use the output of the mux as the output of the 3 input XOR gate.
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Q1. Wasn't selected to hr round
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In this round Aptitude questions related to unitary method, probability and others were asked. In technical Test questions of Digital Electronics and Analog Electronics were asked.

Q1. In this round they asked about my projects, Clock Domain Crossing, Clock related questions were asked and some good digital circuits questions were asked.
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