What is stereo isomerism

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Stereoisomerism is a type of isomerism where compounds have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in spatial arrangement.

Stereoisomers have identical chemical properties but differ in their physical properties.
There are two types of stereoisomerism: geometric isomerism and optical isomerism.
Geometric isomerism occurs when there is restricted rotation around a double bond or a ring, resulting in different spatial arrangements.
Optical isomerism occurs when a molecule has a chiral center and exists as two non-superimposable mirror images called enantiomers.
Examples of geometric isomerism include cis-trans isomerism in alkenes and E-Z isomerism in alkenes with substituents.
Examples of optical isomerism include D and L isomers of sugars and R and S enantiomers of chiral compounds.

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