7 layers of networking

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The 7 layers of networking refer to the OSI model, which is a conceptual framework used to understand how networks operate.

Physical Layer: Deals with physical connections and hardware (e.g. cables, switches)
Data Link Layer: Manages data transfer between devices on the same network (e.g. MAC addresses)
Network Layer: Handles routing and forwarding of data packets (e.g. IP addresses)
Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data transfer between end systems (e.g. TCP)
Session Layer: Manages communication sessions between applications (e.g. establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections)
Presentation Layer: Translates data into a format that can be understood by the application (e.g. encryption, compression)
Application Layer: Provides network services to applications (e.g. HTTP, FTP)

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