How does a PID Controller work?

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A PID controller is a type of feedback control system that continuously calculates an error value as the difference between a desired setpoint and a measured process variable.

PID stands for Proportional-Integral-Derivative, which are the three terms used to describe the controller's actions.
The proportional term responds to the current error value.
The integral term responds to the accumulation of past errors.
The derivative term responds to the rate at which the error is changing.
By adjusting the weights of these three terms, the PID controller can effectively control a wide range of systems.
For example, a thermostat in a heating system uses a PID controller to maintain a set temperature by adjusting the heat output based on the difference between the setpoint and the actual temperature.

How does a PID Controller work?

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