If sound pass through any wall or some structure , there is a 3 possibility ( Either it transmitted or reflected or absorbed) these phenomenon is called sound transmission loss.

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Sound transmission loss refers to the phenomenon of sound being either transmitted, reflected or absorbed when passing through a wall or structure.

Sound transmission loss is measured in decibels (dB).
The higher the transmission loss, the less sound is transmitted through the wall or structure.
Transmission loss can be improved by adding sound insulation materials such as acoustic foam or mass loaded vinyl.
Examples of structures with high transmission loss include concrete walls and double-paned windows.
Transmission loss can also be affected by the frequency of the sound being transmitted.