what is normalising ? temperature range,,,,soaking time for normalising?difference between annealing,hardening and normalising?

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Accepted Answer

Normalizing is a heat treatment process used to refine the grain structure of a material, improve its mechanical properties, and relieve internal stresses.

Normalizing involves heating the material to a specific temperature range above the critical temperature, holding it at that temperature for a period of time, and then cooling it in still air.
The temperature range for normalizing typically falls between 830°C to 950°C for most steels.
The soaking time for normalizing varies depending on the material thickness and composition, but it is usually around 1 hour per inch of thickness.
Annealing involves heating the material to a specific temperature and then cooling it slowly to make it softer and more ductile.
Hardening involves heating the material to a specific temperature and then cooling it quickly to increase its hardness.
Normalizing, annealing, and hardening are all heat treatment processes used to alter the properties of materials for specific applications.

what is normalising ? temperature range,,,,soaking time for normalising?difference between annealing,hardening and normalising?

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