Tell about your UG project? How will you design a table for 1 tonne load and what are all the consideration needed for it? Tell the Equations you know in strength of Materials? What are manufacturing processes involved to fabricate ball bearing? Say briefly about TTT curve? What are all the CAD software you know? What are all the elements in Ansys? How to validate the simulated results in real time problems? Difference between proof stress, yield stress and ultimate stress?

Question

Accepted Answer

Answering technical questions related to UG project, strength of materials, manufacturing processes, CAD software, Ansys, and stress.

Designed a table for 1 tonne load by selecting appropriate material, cross-sectional area, and support structure.
Considerations include safety factor, material properties, and load distribution.
Equations include stress-strain relationship, bending moment equation, and shear stress equation.
Manufacturing processes for ball bearing include forging, turning, and grinding.
TTT curve shows the transformation of austenite to different phases of steel with time and temperature.
CAD software known include SolidWorks, AutoCAD, and CATIA.
Elements in Ansys include nodes, elements, materials, and boundary conditions.
Validation of simulated results can be done by comparing with experimental data or analytical solutions.
Proof stress is the stress at which plastic deformation begins, yield stress is the stress at which plastic deformation becomes significant, and ultimate stress is the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.

Accepted Answer

Sure! Here’s a short version of the answers:

### 1. UG Project & Designing a Table for 1 Tonne Load:
- **Considerations**: Material selection (steel, aluminum), load distribution, strength, stability, deflection, safety factor, and manufacturing constraints.
  
### 2. Equations in Strength of Materials:
- **Stress (σ)**: $ \sigma = \frac{F}{A} $
- **Strain (ε)**: $ \epsilon = \frac{\Delta L}{L} $
- **Bending Stress (σ_b)**: $ \sigma_b = \frac{M \cdot y}{I} $
- **Deflection**: $ \delta = \frac{P \cdot L^3}{48 \cdot E \cdot I} $

### 3. Manufacturing Processes for Ball Bearings:
- **Processes**: Forging, heat treatment, grinding, assembly, and lubrication.

### 4. TTT Curve:
- **TTT Curve**: Shows phase transformations of steel under different time-temperature conditions (austenite to pearlite, bainite, or martensite).

### 5. CAD Software:
- **Examples**: AutoCAD, SolidWorks, CATIA, PTC Creo, Fusion 360, Siemens NX.

### 6. Elements in ANSYS:
- **Elements**: Structural, fluid, thermal, electromagnetic, contact elements.

### 7. Validating Simulated Results:
- **Methods**: Compare with experimental data, convergence studies, verification using benchmarks, and validation of boundary conditions.

### 8. Proof Stress, Yield Stress, and Ultimate Stress:
- **Proof Stress**: Stress at 0.2% permanent strain.
- **Yield Stress**: Stress where permanent deformation begins.
- **Ultimate Stress**: Maximum stress before failure.

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