Dar Group Electrical Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is load density?
Ans. 
Load density refers to the amount of power consumed per unit area or volume.
• Load density is typically measured in watts per square meter or watts per cubic meter.

• It is used in electrical design to determine the distribution of power consumption in a given space.

• Higher load density may require more robust electrical systems to handle the increased power demand.

• For example, data centers have high load density due to the ...read more
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Q2. What will be short circuit current form 1000kVA TF (5% Z) on a panel and determine it’s CB Fault current rating? Which IEC Standard is used?
Ans. 
Short circuit current from 1000kVA TF (5% Z) on a panel and determine its CB Fault current rating using IEC Standard.
• Calculate the short circuit current using the formula: Short circuit current = 1000kVA / (1.732 * 5%)

• Determine the CB Fault current rating based on the calculated short circuit current

• Refer to IEC Standard for guidelines on short circuit current calculations and CB ratings
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Q3. What will be cable size & CB rating for 50KW motor at 30m distance from panel?
Ans. 
The cable size and circuit breaker rating for a 50KW motor at 30m distance from the panel depend on factors like voltage, current, and installation conditions.
• Calculate the full load current (FLC) of the motor using the formula: FLC = (Power (kW) * 1000) / (sqrt(3) * Voltage)

• Select a cable size based on the FLC, voltage drop considerations, and installation conditions

• Choose a circuit breaker rating based on the FLC and...read more
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Q4. What is CRI? (Lighting design)
Ans. 
CRI stands for Color Rendering Index, a measure of how accurately a light source illuminates colors compared to natural light.
• CRI is a scale from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating better color rendering.

• It is important in lighting design to ensure colors appear true and vibrant.

• LED lights typically have high CRI values, making them popular for applications where color accuracy is crucial.
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Q5. What is UGR? (Lighting design)
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UGR stands for Unified Glare Rating, a measure of the discomfort glare perceived by an observer.
• UGR is used in lighting design to evaluate the visual comfort of lighting installations.

• It takes into account factors such as the luminance of the light source, the position of the observer, and the reflectance of the surrounding surfaces.

• Lower UGR values indicate less glare and better visual comfort for the occupants.

• For ex...read more
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Q6. What is Uniformity factor? (Lighting design)
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Uniformity factor is a measure of how evenly distributed light is in a given space.
• Uniformity factor is calculated by dividing the minimum illuminance level by the average illuminance level in a space.

• A higher uniformity factor indicates more even lighting distribution.

• Uniformity factor is important in lighting design to ensure consistent lighting levels throughout a space.

• For example, in an office setting, a uniformit
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Q7. What is maintenance factor? (Lighting design)
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Maintenance factor is a multiplier used in lighting design to account for the decrease in light output over time due to dirt, aging, and other factors.
• Maintenance factor is typically a value between 0 and 1, with 1 indicating no decrease in light output over time.

• It is used to adjust the initial illuminance level calculated for a space to account for the decrease in light output over the life of the lighting system.

• Fac...read more
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Q8. What are reflection index in rooms?
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Reflection index in rooms refers to the amount of sound reflected off surfaces within a room.
• Reflection index is important in determining the acoustics of a room.

• High reflection index can lead to echoes and reverberation.

• Materials like concrete and glass have high reflection index, while soft materials like carpets and curtains have low reflection index.
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Q9. How to design exit sign lighting in corridor or pathways? (Lighting design)
Ans. 
Exit sign lighting in corridors or pathways is designed to provide clear and visible guidance to occupants in case of emergency.
• Ensure exit signs are placed at all exits and change in direction

• Use photoluminescent materials for backup in case of power failure

• Provide adequate lighting levels to ensure visibility in all conditions

• Consider using LED lights for energy efficiency and long lifespan
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Q10. How to design earthing?
Ans. 
Earthing design involves creating a low-resistance path for fault currents to safely dissipate into the ground.
• Determine the type of earthing system needed based on the specific requirements of the electrical installation.

• Calculate the required size of the earthing conductors based on the fault current levels and soil resistivity.

• Ensure proper bonding of all metallic structures and equipment to the earthing system to p...read more
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Q11. What earth loop impedance?
Ans. 
Earth loop impedance is the total impedance of the earth fault current path in an electrical circuit.
• Earth loop impedance is important for ensuring the safety of electrical installations.

• It is measured in ohms and is used to calculate the maximum fault current that could flow in the event of a fault.

• Low earth loop impedance is desirable as it helps to quickly trip circuit breakers in case of a fault.

• It is influenced by...read more
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Q12. How to design transformer room?
Ans. 
Designing a transformer room involves considering safety, space requirements, ventilation, and electrical codes.
• Ensure proper ventilation to prevent overheating of transformers

• Follow electrical codes and regulations for clearances and access

• Provide adequate space for maintenance and operation of transformers

• Consider safety measures such as fire protection and emergency shutdown systems
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Q13. How to size cable tray?
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Cable tray sizing involves considering the current carrying capacity, voltage drop, and environmental factors.
• Calculate the total current carrying capacity required for the cables in the tray.

• Consider the voltage drop limitations based on the distance and load.

• Take into account the environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and corrosive elements.

• Select the appropriate size and material of the cable tray base...read more
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Q14. How much spacing required between smoke detectors?
Ans. 
Spacing between smoke detectors depends on the type of detector and the manufacturer's recommendations.
• Spacing between smoke detectors is typically around 30 feet in residential areas.

• For high ceilings, detectors may need to be spaced closer together.

• Consult the manufacturer's guidelines for specific spacing requirements.
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Q15. How clearance maintained with cable tray and wet service pipe ?
Ans. 
Clearance between cable tray and wet service pipe is maintained by using appropriate support systems and ensuring proper spacing.
• Use support systems such as clamps, hangers, and brackets to secure the cable tray and wet service pipe at appropriate distances.

• Ensure proper spacing between the cable tray and wet service pipe to prevent any contact or interference.

• Follow industry standards and regulations for minimum clear...read more
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Q16. How to design CCTV system ? which cable used for CCTV?
Ans. 
Designing a CCTV system involves selecting appropriate cameras, DVR/NVR, and cables based on requirements.
• Determine the coverage area and required resolution for each camera

• Select suitable cameras (e.g. dome, bullet, PTZ) based on the environment

• Choose a DVR/NVR with enough storage capacity and network connectivity

• Use high-quality coaxial cables (e.g. RG59) for analog cameras or Ethernet cables for IP cameras

• Consider u...read more
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Q17. What is Harmonics in transformer? What are it’s impacts on system and how to reduce it?
Ans. 
Harmonics in transformers are non-linear currents or voltages that can cause overheating, increased losses, and interference in electrical systems.
• Harmonics are multiples of the fundamental frequency in the power system, typically caused by non-linear loads like variable frequency drives or rectifiers.

• Impacts of harmonics include increased heating in transformers, higher losses, reduced power quality, and interference ...read more
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Q1. Revit tool test: -Link Arch file. -Copy monitor all levels. -Create central file. -Create filter for power, lighting & cable tray. -Create workset for power, lighting. -Create view template. -Place panels ...read more
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Q2. Post tool test questions. 1. What is Type & instance parameter? 2. What is view template & revit template? 3. Template file format? 4. How to do electrical distribution. 5. What is difference between navi...read more
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Q1. Affinity laws for pump
Ans. 
Affinity laws describe the relationship between pump performance and speed, flow rate, and head.
• Affinity laws state that if the speed of a pump is changed, the flow rate and head will also change proportionally.

• The laws can be used to predict the performance of a pump at different speeds without having to conduct actual tests.

• The three affinity laws are: 1) Flow rate is proportional to speed, 2) Head is proportional to...read more
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Q2. How to calculate NPSH
Ans. 
NPSH is calculated by subtracting the vapor pressure of the fluid from the absolute pressure at the pump suction.
• NPSH stands for Net Positive Suction Head.

• It is a measure of the pressure required at the suction of a pump to avoid cavitation.

• NPSH is calculated by subtracting the vapor pressure of the fluid from the absolute pressure at the pump suction.

• NPSH is important to ensure the pump operates efficiently and does n...read more
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Q3. How to calculate total head required for a pump
Ans. 
Total head required for a pump can be calculated using Bernoulli's equation
• Determine the flow rate required

• Calculate the friction loss in the piping system

• Determine the elevation difference between the pump and the discharge point

• Add the three values to get the total head required

• Consider any additional losses due to fittings or valves
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Q4. Standard oxygen transfer efficiency for fine bubble diffusers
Ans. 
Standard oxygen transfer efficiency for fine bubble diffusers is typically around 30-40%.
• Fine bubble diffusers are commonly used in wastewater treatment plants to transfer oxygen to the water.

• Factors that can affect oxygen transfer efficiency include bubble size, diffuser design, and water temperature.

• Efficiency can be improved by optimizing these factors and ensuring proper maintenance of the diffusers.

• Typical oxygen ...read more
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Q5. Pipe material for 48% NaOH
Ans. 
The recommended pipe material for 48% NaOH is high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
• 48% NaOH is a highly corrosive substance that can cause damage to certain pipe materials.

• HDPE and PVC are resistant to the corrosive effects of NaOH and are commonly used for transporting this chemical.

• Other materials such as steel or copper should be avoided due to their susceptibility to corrosion.

• The temperatur...read more
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Q6. How to design a wet well pumping station
Ans. 
Designing a wet well pumping station involves several steps and considerations.
• Determine the flow rate and head requirements

• Select appropriate pumps and piping

• Design the wet well and sump

• Include safety features such as alarms and backup power

• Consider maintenance and accessibility

• Ensure compliance with regulations and standards
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Q7. Accessories used in a pump suction and discharge line
Ans. 
Accessories used in a pump suction and discharge line
• Strainers or filters to prevent debris from entering the pump

• Valves to control the flow of fluid

• Pressure gauges to monitor the pressure

• Flanges to connect the pump to the piping system

• Flexible connectors to absorb vibrations

• Check valves to prevent backflow

• Expansion joints to compensate for thermal expansion

• Flow meters to measure the flow rate
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Q8. Which pipe material is good for NaCl 2500 ppm fluid and why?
Ans. 
Duplex stainless steel is good for NaCl 2500 ppm fluid due to its high corrosion resistance and strength.
• Duplex stainless steel has a high resistance to corrosion and pitting

• It has a high strength and toughness

• Other materials like carbon steel and copper alloys may corrode in NaCl solutions
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Q9. Gradient required for free flow in a sewage pipe
Ans. 
The gradient required for free flow in a sewage pipe depends on the pipe diameter, flow rate, and type of material used.
• The gradient should be steep enough to ensure that the sewage flows freely without any blockages or backups.

• The gradient is typically expressed as a percentage or ratio of the vertical drop to the horizontal distance.

• For example, a gradient of 1:100 means that for every 100 meters of horizontal distan...read more
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Q1. Tell me something about yourself
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I am a passionate and experienced Senior Design Engineer with a strong background in mechanical engineering.
• I have over 10 years of experience in designing and developing mechanical systems.

• I am proficient in CAD software such as SolidWorks and AutoCAD.

• I have a proven track record of successfully leading design projects from concept to completion.

• I have excellent problem-solving skills and a keen eye for detail.

• I am a ...read more
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Q2. What was your favourite project in your experience?
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Q3. Did you consider construction stage analysis in your design?
Ans. 
Yes, construction stage analysis was considered in the design process.
• Construction stage analysis was considered to ensure the structural integrity of the design throughout the construction process.

• Factors such as temporary loads, construction sequencing, and construction methods were taken into account.

• For example, temporary supports or bracing may have been included in the design to account for construction loads.

• Fin...read more
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Q4. Did you work in Rail project? What kind of structure was it?
Ans. 
Yes, I worked on a Rail project involving the design of a new railway bridge.
• Designed a new railway bridge for a high-speed rail project

• Utilized structural analysis software to ensure the bridge met safety standards

• Collaborated with civil engineers and architects to integrate the bridge into the overall rail infrastructure
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Q5. Deflection diagram for frames
Ans. 
Deflection diagram for frames shows the displacement of each point along the frame under load.
• Deflection diagrams are used to visualize how a frame deforms under load.

• They show the displacement of each point along the frame in response to applied loads.

• The shape of the deflection diagram can help engineers analyze the structural integrity of the frame.

• Common types of deflection diagrams include bending moment diagrams
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Q6. Bending moment diagram for frames
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Bending moment diagram shows variation of bending moment along the length of a frame.
• Bending moment diagram helps in analyzing the internal forces in a frame.

• It is plotted with distance along the frame on x-axis and bending moment on y-axis.

• Points of zero bending moment indicate locations of maximum bending moment.

• The diagram can be used to determine the critical sections of a frame.

• Example: A simply supported beam wil...read more
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Q7. Bearing articulation for curved spans
Ans. 
Bearing articulation for curved spans involves designing bearings that can accommodate the movement and rotation of curved structures.
• Consider using spherical bearings for curved spans to allow for movement in multiple directions.

• Ensure proper alignment and spacing of bearings to accommodate the curvature of the span.

• Utilize flexible bearings or sliding bearings to account for the changing angles and forces in curved s...read more
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Q1. What is Truss member
Ans. 
A truss member is a structural component of a truss, which is a framework of beams used to support a roof or bridge.
• Truss members are typically straight and connected at joints.

• They can be made of various materials such as wood, steel, or aluminum.

• Common types of truss members include chords, webs, and diagonals.

• Truss members are designed to carry tension or compression forces efficiently.

• Examples of truss members incl
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Q2. How to check tower load valudation
Ans. 
Tower load validation can be checked through structural analysis software and manual calculations.
• Use structural analysis software to simulate different load conditions on the tower.

• Calculate the expected load on the tower based on the design specifications and environmental factors.

• Compare the simulated and calculated loads to ensure they are within the safe limits.

• Perform on-site inspections and measurements to verif...read more
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Q1. Patch load on towers
Ans. 
Patch load on towers refers to the additional weight or load that is applied to a tower structure to strengthen or modify its capacity.
• Patch load can be applied to towers to increase their capacity to withstand wind, seismic, or other loads.

• Patch load can also be used to redistribute loads on a tower to prevent structural failures.

• Examples of patch loads include adding steel plates or braces to a tower structure to inc...read more
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Q2. Epa calculation
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Q1. Work beyond shift time
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Q2. Codes on towers
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Codes on towers refer to the specific design and construction standards that must be followed for safety and structural integrity.
• Codes on towers are regulations set by organizations like ANSI/TIA and ASCE that dictate the design, construction, and maintenance of towers.

• These codes cover aspects such as materials used, structural design, wind loading, and safety factors.

• For example, ANSI/TIA-222-G specifies the require...read more
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Q1. Qualification specific questions
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Q1. Electrical calculations, drawing, current role
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Q1. About relocation, salary discussion, current ctc
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