Chetu
30+ Northern Trust Interview Questions and Answers
Q1. Suppose one of your relative is seriously ill and nobody is present there except you and you must have to come to office because there is a meeting with clients when you reach office. What will you do?
I would prioritize my relative's health and inform my supervisor about the situation.
Assess the severity of the illness and call for medical assistance if necessary.
Inform the supervisor about the situation and request for rescheduling the meeting.
If rescheduling is not possible, try to arrange for someone to take care of the relative.
If all else fails, take a personal day to attend to the relative's needs.
Q2. Suppose a rumour happens in company which is not good for it. What will be your reaction as a TM?
As a TM, I would investigate the rumour and take necessary actions to address it.
I would gather information about the rumour and its source.
I would communicate with the team to understand their concerns and address them.
I would take necessary actions to prevent the spread of the rumour and maintain a positive work environment.
I would work with HR and management to address any underlying issues that may have caused the rumour.
I would ensure that the company's reputation is not...read more
Q3. What is middleware and how we handle request and response ?
Middleware is software that acts as a bridge between different applications or components, handling requests and responses.
Middleware is a layer of software that sits between different applications or components, facilitating communication and data exchange.
It can handle tasks such as authentication, logging, error handling, and data transformation.
Middleware can be used to modify or enhance the request or response before it reaches its destination.
Examples of middleware incl...read more
Q4. What is the difference between delete and truncate?
Delete removes specific rows while truncate removes all rows from a table.
Delete is a DML command while truncate is a DDL command.
Delete is slower than truncate as it logs each row deletion while truncate only logs the deallocation of data pages.
Delete can be rolled back while truncate cannot be rolled back.
Delete can have a WHERE clause to specify which rows to delete while truncate removes all rows.
Delete does not reset the identity of the table while truncate resets the id...read more
Q5. What is the significance of Sql joins in database management
Sql joins are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.
Joins are essential for retrieving data from multiple tables in a database
Types of joins include inner join, outer join, left join, and right join
Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id
Q6. What is OOP’s Concept and how using in DotNet
OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming, a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.
OOP focuses on creating objects that contain data and methods to manipulate that data.
In DotNet, OOP is implemented using classes and objects. Classes define the blueprint for objects, while objects are instances of classes.
Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key principles of OOP that are utilized in DotNet development.
Example: In DotNet, you can create a class 'Ca...read more
Q7. What is difference between list and tupple?
List is mutable and can be modified, while tuple is immutable and cannot be changed.
List is defined using square brackets [], while tuple is defined using parentheses ().
Elements in a list can be modified, added, or removed, while elements in a tuple cannot be changed once defined.
Lists are typically used for collections of similar items that need to be modified, while tuples are used for fixed collections of items.
Example: list_example = [1, 2, 3] and tuple_example = (4, 5, ...read more
Q8. What is difference between clone and copy?
Clone creates a new object with the same values and references as the original, while copy creates a new object with the same values but different references.
Clone creates a deep copy of an object, while copy creates a shallow copy.
Changes made to the original object will affect the cloned object, but not the copied object.
Cloning is used to create an exact replica of an object, while copying is used to duplicate an object with different references.
Example of cloning: Object....read more
Q9. ask introduction. what is logistic regression. how to remove multicollinearity . what is test error. it last for 20 minutes.
Logistic regression is a statistical model used to predict the probability of a binary outcome based on one or more predictor variables.
Logistic regression is used when the dependent variable is binary (e.g. 0 or 1).
To remove multicollinearity in logistic regression, you can use techniques like dropping one of the correlated variables or using regularization methods like Lasso or Ridge regression.
Test error in logistic regression refers to the error rate of the model when app...read more
Q10. What is Mvc and what is the role in DotNet
MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. It is a design pattern used in DotNet for separating concerns in an application.
Model represents the data and business logic of the application.
View is responsible for displaying the user interface.
Controller handles user input and updates the model and view accordingly.
MVC helps in achieving separation of concerns, making the code more organized and maintainable.
Example: In a DotNet MVC application, the model could be a class representin...read more
Q11. What are the types of joins in Ms Sql
Types of joins in Ms Sql include inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.
Inner join: Returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables.
Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.
Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table.
Full outer join: Returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables.
Q12. What is store procedure in Ms Sql
A stored procedure in MS SQL is a precompiled collection of SQL statements that can be saved and reused.
Stored procedures can improve performance by reducing the amount of data sent over the network.
They can be used to encapsulate business logic and provide a layer of security by controlling access to data.
Stored procedures can accept input parameters and return output parameters or result sets.
Example: CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeDetails AS SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Depa...read more
Q13. What is Artisan in laravel php framework?
Artisan is the command-line interface included with Laravel that provides a number of helpful commands for developers.
Artisan is used to generate boilerplate code, run database migrations, and execute unit tests.
Developers can also create their own custom Artisan commands.
Some common Artisan commands include make:model, make:controller, and migrate.
Artisan can be accessed through the command line by running 'php artisan' followed by the desired command.
Q14. Varify this series 1,4,5,7,8,9 _ ?
The missing number is 6.
The series is not in any particular pattern.
The missing number is between 5 and 7.
The answer is 6.
Q15. Different types of Oops and explain.
There are four main principles of Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance, Encapsulation, Abstraction, and Polymorphism.
Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.
Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.
Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features of an object.
Polymorphism: Allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.
Q16. What is dependency injection in .net
Dependency Injection is a design pattern used to remove hard-coded dependencies and make code more flexible and testable.
It allows objects to be created with their dependencies supplied from outside.
It helps in decoupling the code and makes it easier to maintain.
It can be implemented using constructor injection, property injection, or method injection.
Example: In ASP.NET MVC, we can use dependency injection to inject dependencies into controllers.
Example: In .NET Core, we can...read more
Q17. difference between union and union all.
Union combines and removes duplicates while Union All combines all rows.
Union is used to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements into a single result set with no duplicates.
Union All is used to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements into a single result set with all rows.
Union is slower than Union All because it has to remove duplicates.
Union requires that the number and order of columns in all SELECT statements be the same.
Union All does no...read more
Q18. Primary key and foreign key difference.
Primary key uniquely identifies a record while foreign key refers to a primary key in another table.
Primary key is a column or set of columns that uniquely identifies a record in a table
Foreign key is a column or set of columns that refers to a primary key in another table
Primary key cannot have null values while foreign key can have null values
Primary key is used to enforce data integrity while foreign key is used to establish relationships between tables
Q19. how many types of confussion matrix
There are three types of confusion matrices: binary, multi-class, and multi-label.
Binary confusion matrix is used for classification problems with two classes.
Multi-class confusion matrix is used for classification problems with more than two classes.
Multi-label confusion matrix is used for problems where each instance can belong to multiple classes.
Example: In a binary classification problem, the confusion matrix would have four cells: true positive, false positive, true neg...read more
Q20. What are decorators?
Decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions or methods.
Decorators are used to add functionality to existing functions without modifying their code.
They are commonly used in Python to modify the behavior of functions or classes.
Examples include @staticmethod, @classmethod, and @property decorators in Python.
Q21. Fibonacci sequence using recursion
Fibonacci sequence using recursion is a classic problem in programming.
Define a recursive function that takes an integer n as input
Base case: if n is 0 or 1, return n
Recursive case: return the sum of the previous two Fibonacci numbers
Q22. What are the sealed classes?
Sealed classes are classes that cannot be inherited and are used to restrict class hierarchy.
Sealed classes are declared using the 'sealed' keyword.
They can have abstract members but cannot be instantiated.
They are useful in creating exhaustive when expressions.
They restrict the inheritance hierarchy and prevent unintended subclassing.
Example: sealed class Shape { abstract fun draw() }
Q23. why deep learning is called as deep
Deep learning is called 'deep' because it involves multiple layers of neural networks.
Deep learning uses multiple layers of neural networks to learn and make decisions.
Each layer in a deep learning model extracts different features from the input data.
The depth of the neural network refers to the number of layers it has.
Deep learning models are able to learn complex patterns and relationships in data.
Examples of deep learning models include Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs...read more
Q24. What is middleware? What are decorators?
Middleware is software that acts as a bridge between different applications or components.
Middleware facilitates communication and data exchange between different software applications.
It can be used to handle tasks such as authentication, logging, and error handling.
Examples of middleware include Express.js in Node.js for handling HTTP requests and responses.
Q25. How to measure odometer?
Odometer can be measured by counting the number of rotations of the wheel and multiplying it by the circumference of the wheel.
Measure the circumference of the wheel
Count the number of rotations of the wheel
Multiply the circumference by the number of rotations to get the distance traveled
Use sensors to automate the process
Q26. How much byte in int?
An int is typically 4 bytes in size.
The size of an int can vary depending on the programming language and platform.
In C and C++, an int is typically 4 bytes on most platforms.
In Java, an int is always 4 bytes.
In Python, an int can be any size depending on the value it represents.
Q27. what is interface ?
An interface is a contract that specifies the methods and properties that a class must implement.
An interface defines a set of methods and properties that a class must implement
Interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and polymorphism
Interfaces can be used to define contracts between different parts of a system
A class can implement multiple interfaces
Example: The IDisposable interface in C# is used to ensure that an object releases any unmanaged resources it is using when i...read more
Q28. What is ddl command in SQL
DDL stands for Data Definition Language and is used to create, modify, and delete database objects in SQL.
DDL commands include CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.
CREATE is used to create a new database object like a table or index.
ALTER is used to modify an existing database object.
DROP is used to delete a database object.
DDL commands are used to define the structure of a database.
DDL commands are different from DML (Data Manipulation Language) commands which are used to manipulate data...read more
Q29. What is sellery expectations.
Salary expectations refer to the amount of money a candidate expects to earn in a particular job position.
It is important to research the industry standards and the company's budget before stating salary expectations.
Candidates should consider their experience, skills, and qualifications when determining their salary expectations.
Negotiation skills are important when discussing salary expectations with the employer.
Salary expectations can be stated as a range rather than a sp...read more
Q30. What is Oops Concept?
Oops Concept is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions to solve problems.
Oops stands for Object-Oriented Programming System
It emphasizes on encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism
Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details from the user
Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class
Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms or behaviors
Examples of Oops languages are Java, C++, Pyt...read more
Q31. What is midle ware in asp.net
Middleware in ASP.NET is software that sits between the web server and the application, providing additional functionality.
Middleware can handle tasks such as authentication, caching, and logging.
It can be added to the pipeline using the app.Use() method in the Startup class.
Examples of middleware include the ASP.NET Core Authentication middleware and the Serilog middleware for logging.
Middleware can be written as classes or functions that take a RequestDelegate parameter.
Mid...read more
Q32. Create a decorator.
A decorator is a design pattern that allows behavior to be added to individual objects, either statically or dynamically.
Decorators are used to add new functionality to an existing object without altering its structure.
They are commonly used in Python to modify the behavior of functions or methods.
Decorators are implemented using the @ symbol followed by the decorator function name.
Q33. abstract class with example
Abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and can only be inherited by other classes.
An abstract class can have abstract and non-abstract methods.
Abstract methods have no implementation and must be implemented by the child class.
Non-abstract methods can have implementation and can be inherited by the child class.
An abstract class can have constructors and variables.
Example: abstract class Animal { abstract void makeSound(); }
Q34. what is boosting
Boosting is a machine learning ensemble technique that combines multiple weak learners to create a strong learner.
Boosting iteratively trains a series of weak learners, where each subsequent learner focuses on the mistakes made by the previous ones.
Popular boosting algorithms include AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting, and XGBoost.
Boosting is often used in classification and regression problems to improve predictive performance.
Q35. what is bagging
Bagging is a machine learning ensemble technique where multiple models are trained on different subsets of the training data and their predictions are combined.
Bagging stands for Bootstrap Aggregating
It helps reduce overfitting by combining the predictions of multiple models
Random Forest is a popular algorithm that uses bagging
Q36. types of errors
Types of errors in software development
Syntax errors: Mistakes in the code structure that prevent it from running
Logic errors: Flaws in the algorithm that lead to incorrect results
Runtime errors: Issues that occur while the program is running, such as division by zero
Semantic errors: Errors in the meaning of the code that may not be caught by the compiler
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