30+ Northern Trust Interview Questions and Answers

I would prioritize my relative's health and inform my supervisor about the situation.

• Assess the severity of the illness and call for medical assistance if necessary.

• Inform the supervisor about the situation and request for rescheduling the meeting.

• If rescheduling is not possible, try to arrange for someone to take care of the relative.

• If all else fails, take a personal day to attend to the relative's needs.

As a TM, I would investigate the rumour and take necessary actions to address it.

• I would gather information about the rumour and its source.

• I would communicate with the team to understand their concerns and address them.

• I would take necessary actions to prevent the spread of the rumour and maintain a positive work environment.

• I would work with HR and management to address any underlying issues that may have caused the rumour.

• I would ensure that the company's reputation is not...read more

Middleware is software that acts as a bridge between different applications or components, handling requests and responses.

• Middleware is a layer of software that sits between different applications or components, facilitating communication and data exchange.

• It can handle tasks such as authentication, logging, error handling, and data transformation.

• Middleware can be used to modify or enhance the request or response before it reaches its destination.

• Examples of middleware incl...read more

Delete removes specific rows while truncate removes all rows from a table.

• Delete is a DML command while truncate is a DDL command.

• Delete is slower than truncate as it logs each row deletion while truncate only logs the deallocation of data pages.

• Delete can be rolled back while truncate cannot be rolled back.

• Delete can have a WHERE clause to specify which rows to delete while truncate removes all rows.

• Delete does not reset the identity of the table while truncate resets the id...read more

Sql joins are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Joins are essential for retrieving data from multiple tables in a database

• Types of joins include inner join, outer join, left join, and right join

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id

OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming, a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOP focuses on creating objects that contain data and methods to manipulate that data.

• In DotNet, OOP is implemented using classes and objects. Classes define the blueprint for objects, while objects are instances of classes.

• Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key principles of OOP that are utilized in DotNet development.

• Example: In DotNet, you can create a class 'Ca...read more

List is mutable and can be modified, while tuple is immutable and cannot be changed.

• List is defined using square brackets [], while tuple is defined using parentheses ().

• Elements in a list can be modified, added, or removed, while elements in a tuple cannot be changed once defined.

• Lists are typically used for collections of similar items that need to be modified, while tuples are used for fixed collections of items.

• Example: list_example = [1, 2, 3] and tuple_example = (4, 5, ...read more

Clone creates a new object with the same values and references as the original, while copy creates a new object with the same values but different references.

• Clone creates a deep copy of an object, while copy creates a shallow copy.

• Changes made to the original object will affect the cloned object, but not the copied object.

• Cloning is used to create an exact replica of an object, while copying is used to duplicate an object with different references.

• Example of cloning: Object....read more

Logistic regression is a statistical model used to predict the probability of a binary outcome based on one or more predictor variables.

• Logistic regression is used when the dependent variable is binary (e.g. 0 or 1).

• To remove multicollinearity in logistic regression, you can use techniques like dropping one of the correlated variables or using regularization methods like Lasso or Ridge regression.

• Test error in logistic regression refers to the error rate of the model when app...read more

MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. It is a design pattern used in DotNet for separating concerns in an application.

• Model represents the data and business logic of the application.

• View is responsible for displaying the user interface.

• Controller handles user input and updates the model and view accordingly.

• MVC helps in achieving separation of concerns, making the code more organized and maintainable.

• Example: In a DotNet MVC application, the model could be a class representin...read more

Types of joins in Ms Sql include inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.

• Inner join: Returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables.

• Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table.

• Full outer join: Returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables.

A stored procedure in MS SQL is a precompiled collection of SQL statements that can be saved and reused.

• Stored procedures can improve performance by reducing the amount of data sent over the network.

• They can be used to encapsulate business logic and provide a layer of security by controlling access to data.

• Stored procedures can accept input parameters and return output parameters or result sets.

• Example: CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeDetails AS SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Depa...read more

Artisan is the command-line interface included with Laravel that provides a number of helpful commands for developers.

• Artisan is used to generate boilerplate code, run database migrations, and execute unit tests.

• Developers can also create their own custom Artisan commands.

• Some common Artisan commands include make:model, make:controller, and migrate.

• Artisan can be accessed through the command line by running 'php artisan' followed by the desired command.

The missing number is 6.

• The series is not in any particular pattern.

• The missing number is between 5 and 7.

• The answer is 6.

There are four main principles of Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance, Encapsulation, Abstraction, and Polymorphism.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features of an object.

• Polymorphism: Allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

Dependency Injection is a design pattern used to remove hard-coded dependencies and make code more flexible and testable.

• It allows objects to be created with their dependencies supplied from outside.

• It helps in decoupling the code and makes it easier to maintain.

• It can be implemented using constructor injection, property injection, or method injection.

• Example: In ASP.NET MVC, we can use dependency injection to inject dependencies into controllers.

• Example: In .NET Core, we can...read more

Union combines and removes duplicates while Union All combines all rows.

• Union is used to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements into a single result set with no duplicates.

• Union All is used to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements into a single result set with all rows.

• Union is slower than Union All because it has to remove duplicates.

• Union requires that the number and order of columns in all SELECT statements be the same.

• Union All does no...read more

Primary key uniquely identifies a record while foreign key refers to a primary key in another table.

• Primary key is a column or set of columns that uniquely identifies a record in a table

• Foreign key is a column or set of columns that refers to a primary key in another table

• Primary key cannot have null values while foreign key can have null values

• Primary key is used to enforce data integrity while foreign key is used to establish relationships between tables

There are three types of confusion matrices: binary, multi-class, and multi-label.

• Binary confusion matrix is used for classification problems with two classes.

• Multi-class confusion matrix is used for classification problems with more than two classes.

• Multi-label confusion matrix is used for problems where each instance can belong to multiple classes.

• Example: In a binary classification problem, the confusion matrix would have four cells: true positive, false positive, true neg...read more

Decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions or methods.

• Decorators are used to add functionality to existing functions without modifying their code.

• They are commonly used in Python to modify the behavior of functions or classes.

• Examples include @staticmethod, @classmethod, and @property decorators in Python.

Fibonacci sequence using recursion is a classic problem in programming.

• Define a recursive function that takes an integer n as input

• Base case: if n is 0 or 1, return n

• Recursive case: return the sum of the previous two Fibonacci numbers

Sealed classes are classes that cannot be inherited and are used to restrict class hierarchy.

• Sealed classes are declared using the 'sealed' keyword.

• They can have abstract members but cannot be instantiated.

• They are useful in creating exhaustive when expressions.

• They restrict the inheritance hierarchy and prevent unintended subclassing.

• Example: sealed class Shape { abstract fun draw() }

Deep learning is called 'deep' because it involves multiple layers of neural networks.

• Deep learning uses multiple layers of neural networks to learn and make decisions.

• Each layer in a deep learning model extracts different features from the input data.

• The depth of the neural network refers to the number of layers it has.

• Deep learning models are able to learn complex patterns and relationships in data.

• Examples of deep learning models include Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs...read more

Middleware is software that acts as a bridge between different applications or components.

• Middleware facilitates communication and data exchange between different software applications.

• It can be used to handle tasks such as authentication, logging, and error handling.

• Examples of middleware include Express.js in Node.js for handling HTTP requests and responses.

Odometer can be measured by counting the number of rotations of the wheel and multiplying it by the circumference of the wheel.

• Measure the circumference of the wheel

• Count the number of rotations of the wheel

• Multiply the circumference by the number of rotations to get the distance traveled

• Use sensors to automate the process

An int is typically 4 bytes in size.

• The size of an int can vary depending on the programming language and platform.

• In C and C++, an int is typically 4 bytes on most platforms.

• In Java, an int is always 4 bytes.

• In Python, an int can be any size depending on the value it represents.

An interface is a contract that specifies the methods and properties that a class must implement.

• An interface defines a set of methods and properties that a class must implement

• Interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and polymorphism

• Interfaces can be used to define contracts between different parts of a system

• A class can implement multiple interfaces

• Example: The IDisposable interface in C# is used to ensure that an object releases any unmanaged resources it is using when i...read more

DDL stands for Data Definition Language and is used to create, modify, and delete database objects in SQL.

• DDL commands include CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.

• CREATE is used to create a new database object like a table or index.

• ALTER is used to modify an existing database object.

• DROP is used to delete a database object.

• DDL commands are used to define the structure of a database.

• DDL commands are different from DML (Data Manipulation Language) commands which are used to manipulate data...read more

Salary expectations refer to the amount of money a candidate expects to earn in a particular job position.

• It is important to research the industry standards and the company's budget before stating salary expectations.

• Candidates should consider their experience, skills, and qualifications when determining their salary expectations.

• Negotiation skills are important when discussing salary expectations with the employer.

• Salary expectations can be stated as a range rather than a sp...read more

Oops Concept is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions to solve problems.

• Oops stands for Object-Oriented Programming System

• It emphasizes on encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details from the user

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class

• Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms or behaviors

• Examples of Oops languages are Java, C++, Pyt...read more

Middleware in ASP.NET is software that sits between the web server and the application, providing additional functionality.

• Middleware can handle tasks such as authentication, caching, and logging.

• It can be added to the pipeline using the app.Use() method in the Startup class.

• Examples of middleware include the ASP.NET Core Authentication middleware and the Serilog middleware for logging.

• Middleware can be written as classes or functions that take a RequestDelegate parameter.

• Mid...read more

A decorator is a design pattern that allows behavior to be added to individual objects, either statically or dynamically.

• Decorators are used to add new functionality to an existing object without altering its structure.

• They are commonly used in Python to modify the behavior of functions or methods.

• Decorators are implemented using the @ symbol followed by the decorator function name.

Abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and can only be inherited by other classes.

• An abstract class can have abstract and non-abstract methods.

• Abstract methods have no implementation and must be implemented by the child class.

• Non-abstract methods can have implementation and can be inherited by the child class.

• An abstract class can have constructors and variables.

• Example: abstract class Animal { abstract void makeSound(); }

Boosting is a machine learning ensemble technique that combines multiple weak learners to create a strong learner.

• Boosting iteratively trains a series of weak learners, where each subsequent learner focuses on the mistakes made by the previous ones.

• Popular boosting algorithms include AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting, and XGBoost.

• Boosting is often used in classification and regression problems to improve predictive performance.

Bagging is a machine learning ensemble technique where multiple models are trained on different subsets of the training data and their predictions are combined.

• Bagging stands for Bootstrap Aggregating

• It helps reduce overfitting by combining the predictions of multiple models

• Random Forest is a popular algorithm that uses bagging