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30+ Northern Trust Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 22 Feb 2024
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Q1. Suppose one of your relative is seriously ill and nobody is present there except you and you must have to come to office because there is a meeting with clients when you reach office. What will you do?

Ans.

I would prioritize my relative's health and inform my supervisor about the situation.

  • Assess the severity of the illness and call for medical assistance if necessary.

  • Inform the supervisor about the situation and request for rescheduling the meeting.

  • If rescheduling is not possible, try to arrange for someone to take care of the relative.

  • If all else fails, take a personal day to attend to the relative's needs.

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Q2. Suppose a rumour happens in company which is not good for it. What will be your reaction as a TM?

Ans.

As a TM, I would investigate the rumour and take necessary actions to address it.

  • I would gather information about the rumour and its source.

  • I would communicate with the team to understand their concerns and address them.

  • I would take necessary actions to prevent the spread of the rumour and maintain a positive work environment.

  • I would work with HR and management to address any underlying issues that may have caused the rumour.

  • I would ensure that the company's reputation is not...read more

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Q3. What is middleware and how we handle request and response ?

Ans.

Middleware is software that acts as a bridge between different applications or components, handling requests and responses.

  • Middleware is a layer of software that sits between different applications or components, facilitating communication and data exchange.

  • It can handle tasks such as authentication, logging, error handling, and data transformation.

  • Middleware can be used to modify or enhance the request or response before it reaches its destination.

  • Examples of middleware incl...read more

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Q4. What is the difference between delete and truncate?

Ans.

Delete removes specific rows while truncate removes all rows from a table.

  • Delete is a DML command while truncate is a DDL command.

  • Delete is slower than truncate as it logs each row deletion while truncate only logs the deallocation of data pages.

  • Delete can be rolled back while truncate cannot be rolled back.

  • Delete can have a WHERE clause to specify which rows to delete while truncate removes all rows.

  • Delete does not reset the identity of the table while truncate resets the id...read more

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Q5. What is the significance of Sql joins in database management

Ans.

Sql joins are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

  • Joins are essential for retrieving data from multiple tables in a database

  • Types of joins include inner join, outer join, left join, and right join

  • Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id

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Q6. What is OOP’s Concept and how using in DotNet

Ans.

OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming, a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

  • OOP focuses on creating objects that contain data and methods to manipulate that data.

  • In DotNet, OOP is implemented using classes and objects. Classes define the blueprint for objects, while objects are instances of classes.

  • Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key principles of OOP that are utilized in DotNet development.

  • Example: In DotNet, you can create a class 'Ca...read more

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Q7. What is difference between list and tupple?

Ans.

List is mutable and can be modified, while tuple is immutable and cannot be changed.

  • List is defined using square brackets [], while tuple is defined using parentheses ().

  • Elements in a list can be modified, added, or removed, while elements in a tuple cannot be changed once defined.

  • Lists are typically used for collections of similar items that need to be modified, while tuples are used for fixed collections of items.

  • Example: list_example = [1, 2, 3] and tuple_example = (4, 5, ...read more

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Q8. What is difference between clone and copy?

Ans.

Clone creates a new object with the same values and references as the original, while copy creates a new object with the same values but different references.

  • Clone creates a deep copy of an object, while copy creates a shallow copy.

  • Changes made to the original object will affect the cloned object, but not the copied object.

  • Cloning is used to create an exact replica of an object, while copying is used to duplicate an object with different references.

  • Example of cloning: Object....read more

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Q9. ask introduction. what is logistic regression. how to remove multicollinearity . what is test error. it last for 20 minutes.

Ans.

Logistic regression is a statistical model used to predict the probability of a binary outcome based on one or more predictor variables.

  • Logistic regression is used when the dependent variable is binary (e.g. 0 or 1).

  • To remove multicollinearity in logistic regression, you can use techniques like dropping one of the correlated variables or using regularization methods like Lasso or Ridge regression.

  • Test error in logistic regression refers to the error rate of the model when app...read more

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Q10. What is Mvc and what is the role in DotNet

Ans.

MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. It is a design pattern used in DotNet for separating concerns in an application.

  • Model represents the data and business logic of the application.

  • View is responsible for displaying the user interface.

  • Controller handles user input and updates the model and view accordingly.

  • MVC helps in achieving separation of concerns, making the code more organized and maintainable.

  • Example: In a DotNet MVC application, the model could be a class representin...read more

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Q11. What are the types of joins in Ms Sql

Ans.

Types of joins in Ms Sql include inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.

  • Inner join: Returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables.

  • Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

  • Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table.

  • Full outer join: Returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables.

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Q12. What is store procedure in Ms Sql

Ans.

A stored procedure in MS SQL is a precompiled collection of SQL statements that can be saved and reused.

  • Stored procedures can improve performance by reducing the amount of data sent over the network.

  • They can be used to encapsulate business logic and provide a layer of security by controlling access to data.

  • Stored procedures can accept input parameters and return output parameters or result sets.

  • Example: CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeDetails AS SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Depa...read more

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Q13. What is Artisan in laravel php framework?

Ans.

Artisan is the command-line interface included with Laravel that provides a number of helpful commands for developers.

  • Artisan is used to generate boilerplate code, run database migrations, and execute unit tests.

  • Developers can also create their own custom Artisan commands.

  • Some common Artisan commands include make:model, make:controller, and migrate.

  • Artisan can be accessed through the command line by running 'php artisan' followed by the desired command.

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Q14. Varify this series 1,4,5,7,8,9 _ ?

Ans.

The missing number is 6.

  • The series is not in any particular pattern.

  • The missing number is between 5 and 7.

  • The answer is 6.

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Q15. Different types of Oops and explain.

Ans.

There are four main principles of Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance, Encapsulation, Abstraction, and Polymorphism.

  • Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

  • Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

  • Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features of an object.

  • Polymorphism: Allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

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Q16. What is dependency injection in .net

Ans.

Dependency Injection is a design pattern used to remove hard-coded dependencies and make code more flexible and testable.

  • It allows objects to be created with their dependencies supplied from outside.

  • It helps in decoupling the code and makes it easier to maintain.

  • It can be implemented using constructor injection, property injection, or method injection.

  • Example: In ASP.NET MVC, we can use dependency injection to inject dependencies into controllers.

  • Example: In .NET Core, we can...read more

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Q17. difference between union and union all.

Ans.

Union combines and removes duplicates while Union All combines all rows.

  • Union is used to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements into a single result set with no duplicates.

  • Union All is used to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements into a single result set with all rows.

  • Union is slower than Union All because it has to remove duplicates.

  • Union requires that the number and order of columns in all SELECT statements be the same.

  • Union All does no...read more

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Q18. Primary key and foreign key difference.

Ans.

Primary key uniquely identifies a record while foreign key refers to a primary key in another table.

  • Primary key is a column or set of columns that uniquely identifies a record in a table

  • Foreign key is a column or set of columns that refers to a primary key in another table

  • Primary key cannot have null values while foreign key can have null values

  • Primary key is used to enforce data integrity while foreign key is used to establish relationships between tables

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Q19. how many types of confussion matrix

Ans.

There are three types of confusion matrices: binary, multi-class, and multi-label.

  • Binary confusion matrix is used for classification problems with two classes.

  • Multi-class confusion matrix is used for classification problems with more than two classes.

  • Multi-label confusion matrix is used for problems where each instance can belong to multiple classes.

  • Example: In a binary classification problem, the confusion matrix would have four cells: true positive, false positive, true neg...read more

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Q20. What are decorators?

Ans.

Decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions or methods.

  • Decorators are used to add functionality to existing functions without modifying their code.

  • They are commonly used in Python to modify the behavior of functions or classes.

  • Examples include @staticmethod, @classmethod, and @property decorators in Python.

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Q21. Fibonacci sequence using recursion

Ans.

Fibonacci sequence using recursion is a classic problem in programming.

  • Define a recursive function that takes an integer n as input

  • Base case: if n is 0 or 1, return n

  • Recursive case: return the sum of the previous two Fibonacci numbers

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Q22. What are the sealed classes?

Ans.

Sealed classes are classes that cannot be inherited and are used to restrict class hierarchy.

  • Sealed classes are declared using the 'sealed' keyword.

  • They can have abstract members but cannot be instantiated.

  • They are useful in creating exhaustive when expressions.

  • They restrict the inheritance hierarchy and prevent unintended subclassing.

  • Example: sealed class Shape { abstract fun draw() }

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Q23. why deep learning is called as deep

Ans.

Deep learning is called 'deep' because it involves multiple layers of neural networks.

  • Deep learning uses multiple layers of neural networks to learn and make decisions.

  • Each layer in a deep learning model extracts different features from the input data.

  • The depth of the neural network refers to the number of layers it has.

  • Deep learning models are able to learn complex patterns and relationships in data.

  • Examples of deep learning models include Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs...read more

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Q24. What is middleware? What are decorators?

Ans.

Middleware is software that acts as a bridge between different applications or components.

  • Middleware facilitates communication and data exchange between different software applications.

  • It can be used to handle tasks such as authentication, logging, and error handling.

  • Examples of middleware include Express.js in Node.js for handling HTTP requests and responses.

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Q25. How to measure odometer?

Ans.

Odometer can be measured by counting the number of rotations of the wheel and multiplying it by the circumference of the wheel.

  • Measure the circumference of the wheel

  • Count the number of rotations of the wheel

  • Multiply the circumference by the number of rotations to get the distance traveled

  • Use sensors to automate the process

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Q26. How much byte in int?

Ans.

An int is typically 4 bytes in size.

  • The size of an int can vary depending on the programming language and platform.

  • In C and C++, an int is typically 4 bytes on most platforms.

  • In Java, an int is always 4 bytes.

  • In Python, an int can be any size depending on the value it represents.

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Q27. what is interface ?

Ans.

An interface is a contract that specifies the methods and properties that a class must implement.

  • An interface defines a set of methods and properties that a class must implement

  • Interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and polymorphism

  • Interfaces can be used to define contracts between different parts of a system

  • A class can implement multiple interfaces

  • Example: The IDisposable interface in C# is used to ensure that an object releases any unmanaged resources it is using when i...read more

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Q28. What is ddl command in SQL

Ans.

DDL stands for Data Definition Language and is used to create, modify, and delete database objects in SQL.

  • DDL commands include CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.

  • CREATE is used to create a new database object like a table or index.

  • ALTER is used to modify an existing database object.

  • DROP is used to delete a database object.

  • DDL commands are used to define the structure of a database.

  • DDL commands are different from DML (Data Manipulation Language) commands which are used to manipulate data...read more

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Q29. What is sellery expectations.

Ans.

Salary expectations refer to the amount of money a candidate expects to earn in a particular job position.

  • It is important to research the industry standards and the company's budget before stating salary expectations.

  • Candidates should consider their experience, skills, and qualifications when determining their salary expectations.

  • Negotiation skills are important when discussing salary expectations with the employer.

  • Salary expectations can be stated as a range rather than a sp...read more

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Q30. What is Oops Concept?

Ans.

Oops Concept is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions to solve problems.

  • Oops stands for Object-Oriented Programming System

  • It emphasizes on encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

  • Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details from the user

  • Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class

  • Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms or behaviors

  • Examples of Oops languages are Java, C++, Pyt...read more

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Q31. What is midle ware in asp.net

Ans.

Middleware in ASP.NET is software that sits between the web server and the application, providing additional functionality.

  • Middleware can handle tasks such as authentication, caching, and logging.

  • It can be added to the pipeline using the app.Use() method in the Startup class.

  • Examples of middleware include the ASP.NET Core Authentication middleware and the Serilog middleware for logging.

  • Middleware can be written as classes or functions that take a RequestDelegate parameter.

  • Mid...read more

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Q32. Create a decorator.

Ans.

A decorator is a design pattern that allows behavior to be added to individual objects, either statically or dynamically.

  • Decorators are used to add new functionality to an existing object without altering its structure.

  • They are commonly used in Python to modify the behavior of functions or methods.

  • Decorators are implemented using the @ symbol followed by the decorator function name.

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Q33. abstract class with example

Ans.

Abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and can only be inherited by other classes.

  • An abstract class can have abstract and non-abstract methods.

  • Abstract methods have no implementation and must be implemented by the child class.

  • Non-abstract methods can have implementation and can be inherited by the child class.

  • An abstract class can have constructors and variables.

  • Example: abstract class Animal { abstract void makeSound(); }

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Q34. what is boosting

Ans.

Boosting is a machine learning ensemble technique that combines multiple weak learners to create a strong learner.

  • Boosting iteratively trains a series of weak learners, where each subsequent learner focuses on the mistakes made by the previous ones.

  • Popular boosting algorithms include AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting, and XGBoost.

  • Boosting is often used in classification and regression problems to improve predictive performance.

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Q35. what is bagging

Ans.

Bagging is a machine learning ensemble technique where multiple models are trained on different subsets of the training data and their predictions are combined.

  • Bagging stands for Bootstrap Aggregating

  • It helps reduce overfitting by combining the predictions of multiple models

  • Random Forest is a popular algorithm that uses bagging

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Q36. types of errors

Ans.

Types of errors in software development

  • Syntax errors: Mistakes in the code structure that prevent it from running

  • Logic errors: Flaws in the algorithm that lead to incorrect results

  • Runtime errors: Issues that occur while the program is running, such as division by zero

  • Semantic errors: Errors in the meaning of the code that may not be caught by the compiler

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