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Capgemini Engineering

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10+ PERKS LINKS AND SERVICES Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 5 Feb 2024
Popular Designations

Q1. What is prelayout signal integrity? How will you do that

Ans.

Prelayout signal integrity is the analysis of signal quality before the layout of a printed circuit board.

  • It involves simulating the behavior of signals on a PCB before the actual layout is done.

  • The goal is to identify potential signal integrity issues and correct them before the layout is finalized.

  • Tools such as SPICE simulators and electromagnetic field solvers are used for prelayout signal integrity analysis.

  • Factors such as trace length, impedance, and crosstalk are consid...read more

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Q2. How do you check/verify the IBIS models?

Ans.

IBIS models can be verified by comparing simulation results with actual measurements.

  • Compare simulation results with actual measurements

  • Use a variety of test cases to ensure accuracy

  • Verify the model's compliance with IBIS standards

  • Check for consistency with other models and datasheets

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Q3. What are all the tools you worked on?

Ans.

I have worked on various hardware tools including oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, multimeters, and soldering irons.

  • Oscilloscopes

  • Logic analyzers

  • Multimeters

  • Soldering irons

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Q4. Strip line vs micro strip linetransmission line?

Ans.

Strip line and microstrip line are two types of transmission lines used in high-frequency applications.

  • Strip line is a type of transmission line where the conductor is sandwiched between two ground planes.

  • Microstrip line is a type of transmission line where the conductor is placed on top of a ground plane with a dielectric material in between.

  • Strip line has better shielding and lower radiation losses compared to microstrip line.

  • Microstrip line is easier to fabricate and has l...read more

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Q5. How to optimize decoupling capacitors?

Ans.

Optimizing decoupling capacitors involves selecting the right capacitance value, placement, and layout.

  • Choose the appropriate capacitance value based on the frequency range of the circuit

  • Place the capacitors as close as possible to the power pins of the IC

  • Use multiple capacitors in parallel to cover a wider frequency range

  • Ensure proper layout to minimize inductance and resistance

  • Simulate the circuit to verify the effectiveness of the decoupling capacitors

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Q6. Pcie interface Gen3 RL and IL specification?

Ans.

PCIe Gen3 RL and IL specifications define the electrical and protocol requirements for high-speed data transfer.

  • RL stands for Receiver Loss and IL stands for Insertion Loss.

  • RL specification defines the maximum amount of signal loss that can be tolerated by the receiver.

  • IL specification defines the maximum amount of signal loss that can be tolerated by the channel.

  • PCIe Gen3 RL and IL specifications ensure reliable and high-speed data transfer between devices.

  • For example, a PCI...read more

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Q7. How to extract s-parameter models

Ans.

S-parameter models can be extracted using network analyzers or simulation software.

  • Use a network analyzer to measure the S-parameters of the device under test (DUT)

  • Use simulation software to create a model of the DUT and extract the S-parameters from the simulation results

  • Ensure that the measurement or simulation setup is properly calibrated to obtain accurate S-parameter models

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Q8. What IBIS is consisting?

Ans.

IBIS stands for Input/Output Buffer Information Specification and is a standard for modeling the behavior of digital buffers.

  • IBIS is used to model the behavior of digital buffers in a system.

  • It includes information about the input and output characteristics of the buffer.

  • IBIS models are used to simulate the behavior of a system before it is built.

  • IBIS models can be used to optimize the design of a system.

  • IBIS models are often used in the semiconductor industry.

  • Examples of IBI...read more

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Q9. How to do the PDN analysis

Ans.

PDN analysis involves analyzing the power distribution network of a circuit to ensure proper power delivery.

  • Identify the power sources and loads in the circuit

  • Create a schematic of the power distribution network

  • Simulate the circuit using a tool like SPICE

  • Analyze the voltage drops and current flows in the network

  • Optimize the network to ensure proper power delivery

  • Repeat the analysis for different operating conditions and scenarios

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Q10. What is passivity, causality?

Ans.

Passivity refers to a system's inability to generate energy, while causality refers to the relationship between cause and effect in a system.

  • Passivity: A passive system cannot generate energy, but can only store or dissipate it.

  • Causality: The output of a system depends only on its current and past inputs, not future inputs.

  • Passive systems are often used in filters and attenuators, while causal systems are important in signal processing and control systems.

  • An example of a pass...read more

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Q11. Termination techniques?

Ans.

Termination techniques are methods used to prevent signal reflections and ensure signal integrity.

  • Matching impedance of the source and load

  • Using termination resistors

  • Using termination capacitors

  • Using termination inductors

  • Using termination transformers

  • Using termination diodes

  • Using termination networks

  • Using termination software

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