Binary to Decimal Conversion

Convert a given binary number, represented as a string 'S' of size 'N', into its decimal equivalent integer and output it.

Input:

The first line contains an integer 'T', denoting the number of test cases. The first line of each test case contains a single integer 'N', the length of the binary string. The second line contains the binary string 'S'.

Output:

Print the decimal equivalent for each test case on a new line.

Example:

Input: 2 3 101 4 1101 Output: 5 13

Constraints:

1

Question

Binary to Decimal Conversion

Convert a given binary number, represented as a string 'S' of size 'N', into its decimal equivalent integer and output it.

Input:

The first line contains an integer 'T', denoting the number of test cases.
The first line of each test case contains a single integer 'N', the length of the binary string.
The second line contains the binary string 'S'.

Output:

Print the decimal equivalent for each test case on a new line.

Example:

Input:
2
3
101
4
1101

Output:
5
13

Constraints:

1 <= T <= 5
1 <= N <= 30

Note:

A binary string consists solely of '0' and '1' characters.

Accepted Answer

Convert a binary string to its decimal equivalent integer.

Iterate through the binary string from right to left, multiplying each digit by 2 raised to the power of its position.
Add the results of the multiplication to get the decimal equivalent.
Ensure the binary string consists only of '0' and '1' characters.
Handle multiple test cases by repeating the conversion process for each case.