Explain Inheritance and Encapsulation

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Inheritance is the mechanism by which a new class can inherit properties and behavior from an existing class. Encapsulation is the concept of bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

Inheritance allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class, promoting code reusability.
Encapsulation helps in hiding the internal state of an object and restricting access to it.
Inheritance promotes the concept of 'is-a' relationship, while encapsulation promotes 'has-a' relationship.
Example of inheritance: Class 'Dog' can inherit from class 'Animal' and inherit properties like 'name' and methods like 'eat()'.
Example of encapsulation: Class 'Car' encapsulates properties like 'engine' and methods like 'startEngine()'.

Explain Inheritance and Encapsulation

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