What are the OOPS concepts?

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OOPS concepts refer to Object-Oriented Programming concepts which include Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.

Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class. Example: Parent class 'Animal' and child class 'Dog'.
Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit. Example: Class 'Car' with private variables and public methods.
Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types. Example: Method 'drawShape' can take different shapes as input.
Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features. Example: Interface 'Shape' with methods like 'calculateArea'.

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