200+ Applications Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Dry volume cement is the volume of cement required in a dry state for a given volume of concrete.

• Dry volume cement is calculated by multiplying the volume of cement required by the bulkage factor.

• Bulkage factor is the ratio of the volume of dry cement to the volume of cement in a wet state.

• Dry volume cement estimation is important in determining the quantity of cement required for a construction project.

• For example, if the wet volume of cement required for a project is 1 cubi...read more

PLC is a programmable logic controller used for automation. SCADA is a supervisory control and data acquisition system used for monitoring.

• PLC is used to control industrial processes such as manufacturing lines, water treatment plants, and power stations.

• SCADA is used to monitor and control large-scale processes and systems.

• A program in PLC can be written using ladder logic, function block diagrams, or structured text.

• Example of a PLC program: controlling a conveyor belt in a...read more

1 ton of refrigeration is the amount of heat absorbed by one ton of ice (2000 pounds) melting over a 24-hour period.

• 1 ton of refrigeration is equal to 12,000 BTUs per hour.

• It is the amount of heat required to melt one ton of ice in a 24-hour period.

• 1 ton of refrigeration is commonly used as a unit of cooling capacity in the HVAC industry.

• For example, a 2-ton air conditioner can remove 24,000 BTUs of heat per hour.

A latch is level-sensitive and a flip flop is edge-triggered.

• A latch is transparent, meaning its output changes immediately with the input.

• A flip flop is triggered by a clock signal, changing its output only on the rising or falling edge of the clock.

• Latches are commonly used in asynchronous circuits, while flip flops are used in synchronous circuits.

• Examples of latches include SR latch, D latch, and JK latch.

• Examples of flip flops include D flip flop, JK flip flop, and T fli...read more

I handle errors by identifying the root cause, troubleshooting, and implementing a solution to prevent future occurrences.

• Identify the root cause of the error

• Troubleshoot the issue thoroughly

• Implement a solution to prevent future occurrences

• Document the error and solution for reference

Static load is a constant force acting on a structure, while dynamic load is a force that varies with time.

• Static load remains constant over time, while dynamic load changes with time

• Examples of static load include the weight of a building or a bridge, while examples of dynamic load include wind or earthquake forces

• Static load can be easily calculated using simple equations, while dynamic load requires more complex analysis

The least count of vernier, height gauge, micrometer, digital vernier, and stress strain are important for accurate measurements in engineering applications.

• Vernier caliper: typically has a least count of 0.02 mm

• Height gauge: commonly has a least count of 0.02 mm

• Micrometer: usually has a least count of 0.01 mm

• Digital vernier: often has a least count of 0.01 mm

• Stress strain: does not have a specific least count as it depends on the equipment used

Linked list is better than array for dynamic memory allocation and insertion/deletion operations.

• Linked list allows for dynamic memory allocation, while arrays have a fixed size.

• Insertion and deletion operations are faster in linked list as compared to arrays.

• Arrays have better cache locality and are faster for random access.

• Linked list is used in applications like implementing stacks, queues, and hash tables.

• Arrays are used in applications like matrix operations and binary s...read more

Cybersecurity threats, data privacy concerns, and rapid technological advancements are troubling tech challenges to work on.

• Cybersecurity threats: Constantly evolving cyber threats require continuous monitoring and updating of security measures.

• Data privacy concerns: With increasing data collection and storage, ensuring the privacy and security of user data is a major challenge.

• Rapid technological advancements: Keeping up with the pace of technological advancements and integr...read more

A hyperlink in HTML is a clickable text or image that redirects the user to another webpage or resource.

• Hyperlinks are created using the <a> tag in HTML.

• The 'href' attribute in the <a> tag specifies the URL of the page the link goes to.

• Hyperlinks can also be used to link to specific sections within the same webpage using anchor tags.

A set is a collection of unique elements with no specific order, while a frozen set is an immutable set that cannot be changed.

• A set does not allow duplicate elements

• A frozen set is created using the frozenset() function

• Sets are mutable and can be modified, while frozen sets are immutable

• Example: set1 = {1, 2, 3} ; frozenset1 = frozenset(set1)

It depends on the height of the top and the height of each jump.

• The number of jumps required to reach the top depends on the height of the top and the height of each jump.

• If the height of the top is 10 feet and the height of each jump is 2 feet, then it would take 5 jumps to reach the top.

• If the height of the top is 20 feet and the height of each jump is 3 feet, then it would take 7 jumps to reach the top.

To size an actuator for a control valve, consider valve size, pressure drop, and actuator type.

• Determine the valve size and type

• Calculate the pressure drop across the valve

• Select an actuator type based on valve torque requirements

• Calculate the required actuator size based on valve torque and pressure drop

• Consider additional factors such as ambient temperature and valve positioner requirements

Speed decreases as gear ratio increases.

• Increasing the gear ratio means the output gear has more teeth than the input gear.

• This results in a decrease in speed and an increase in torque.

• For example, if the gear ratio is 2:1, the output gear will rotate at half the speed of the input gear.

Yes, I have knowledge of Mould design and Die design.

• I have experience in designing moulds and dies for various manufacturing processes.

• I am familiar with CAD software used for mould and die design.

• I understand the principles of injection molding and stamping processes.

• I have worked on projects where I had to optimize mould and die designs for cost and efficiency.

• I have knowledge of materials used in mould and die making.

Upcoming engine emission norms will require products to meet stricter standards for emissions.

• Products will need to be designed to emit fewer pollutants.

• Engine manufacturers will need to work closely with suppliers to ensure compliance.

• New technologies such as electric and hybrid engines may become more popular.

• Products that can help reduce emissions, such as catalytic converters, may see increased demand.

• Regulations may vary by region, so products will need to be tailored to...read more

Static pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest.

• Static pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid that is not in motion.

• It is the force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object.

• Static pressure remains constant in a fluid at rest.

• It is an important concept in fluid dynamics and is used in various engineering applications.

• Example: Static pressure is measured in HVAC systems to ensure proper airflow and ventilation.

C++ is better than C due to its object-oriented programming features and better memory management.

• C++ supports object-oriented programming while C does not.

• C++ has better memory management with features like constructors and destructors.

• C++ has more advanced features like templates and exceptions.

• C++ is more versatile and can be used for both low-level system programming and high-level application development.

• C++ has a larger standard library compared to C.

• C++ allows for func...read more

Aluminium welding in Gtaw process involves using a Tungsten electrode to create an arc between the electrode and the workpiece, while shielding with inert gas.

• Clean the aluminium surface thoroughly to remove any contaminants

• Use AC current for better penetration and cleaning action

• Select appropriate filler material compatible with aluminium

• Maintain a consistent travel speed and arc length for quality welds

Program to read button input and remove glitches in embedded C.

• Use a state machine to debounce the button input.

• Implement a delay to filter out glitches.

• Consider using interrupts for efficient button handling.

Tundish preparation involves cleaning, preheating, and coating the refractory lining to ensure proper flow of molten metal.

• Clean the tundish thoroughly to remove any residue or impurities.

• Preheat the tundish to the desired temperature to prevent rapid cooling of the molten metal.

• Apply a coating to the refractory lining to prevent sticking and ensure smooth flow of the molten metal.

• Inspect the tundish for any defects or damages before use.

• Ensure proper alignment and connection...read more

Yes, I have knowledge of Embedded systems.

• Experience with programming microcontrollers such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or ESP8266

• Understanding of real-time operating systems (RTOS)

• Knowledge of communication protocols like SPI, I2C, UART

• Familiarity with embedded software development tools like Keil, MPLAB, or Arduino IDE

Transformer differential protection is a type of protection used to detect internal faults in a transformer.

• It compares the current entering the transformer with the current leaving the transformer.

• If there is a difference in the current, it indicates a fault in the transformer.

• The protection relay trips the transformer to isolate it from the system.

• It is a sensitive protection and can detect faults even in the early stages.

• It is commonly used in high voltage power systems to...read more

Oracle DB Architecture is a multi-layered design consisting of physical, logical, and memory structures.

• Physical layer includes data files, redo logs, and control files

• Logical layer includes tablespaces, schema objects, and segments

• Memory structures include SGA and PGA

• Oracle uses a client-server architecture with a listener process

• Oracle also supports RAC (Real Application Clusters) for high availability and scalability

Different types of motors used in conveyors include AC motors, DC motors, servo motors, and stepper motors.

• AC motors are commonly used for high-power applications and are easy to control.

• DC motors are often used for low-power applications and are simple to operate.

• Servo motors are used for precise positioning and speed control.

• Stepper motors are used for precise positioning and are ideal for applications that require low speed and high torque.

• The positioning of motors in conv...read more

To solve data synchronisation issue in a database, follow these steps

• Identify the source of the synchronization issue

• Check for any network connectivity problems

• Ensure that all databases are using the same time zone

• Use database triggers to automatically update data

• Implement a data synchronization tool or software

• Perform regular data audits to identify discrepancies

First and third angle projection are methods used in technical drawing to represent a 3D object on a 2D surface.

• First angle projection is commonly used in Europe and Asia, where the object is placed in the first quadrant of the projection plane.

• Third angle projection is commonly used in North America, where the object is placed in the third quadrant of the projection plane.

• In first angle projection, the top view is placed below the front view, while in third angle projection,...read more

The SI/DI engine is a type of internal combustion engine that uses spark ignition or direct injection for fuel combustion.

• SI/DI engine refers to the type of fuel injection system used in an internal combustion engine.

• Spark ignition (SI) engines use a spark plug to ignite the fuel-air mixture, while direct injection (DI) engines directly inject fuel into the combustion chamber.

• Physics plays a crucial role in understanding the combustion process and optimizing engine performanc...read more

Application Engineers design, develop, and test software applications for various industries.

• Design and develop software applications

• Collaborate with cross-functional teams

• Test and debug applications

• Provide technical support to clients

• Stay up-to-date with industry trends and advancements

An update query to change salary of an employee.

• Use the UPDATE statement with the SET keyword.

• Specify the new salary value.

• Use the WHERE clause to identify the employee to update.

• Example: UPDATE employees SET salary = 60000 WHERE id = 123;

• Make sure to check for any constraints or triggers that may affect the update.

Custom fields can be added to Smart IT by creating them in the Remedy ITSM application and then mapping them to Smart IT.

• Create custom fields in Remedy ITSM application

• Map the custom fields to Smart IT using Smart IT configuration tool

• Custom fields will then be available in Smart IT for use

Removing duplicates using analytical functions in SQL

• Use the ROW_NUMBER() function to assign a unique number to each row

• Partition the data by the columns that define duplicates

• Order the data by the same columns

• Filter out rows with a row number greater than 1

Stress is the force applied to a material, while strain is the resulting deformation. Mild steel has a linear stress-strain curve.

• Stress is the force applied to a material per unit area, measured in N/m^2 or Pascals.

• Strain is the resulting deformation of the material, measured as a ratio of the change in length to the original length.

• Mild steel typically has a linear stress-strain curve until it reaches its yield point, where it starts to deform plastically.

• Different material...read more

BOM stands for Bill of Materials, which is a list of components or parts needed to manufacture a product.

• BOM is used in manufacturing to ensure all necessary components are accounted for.

• Types of BOM include Engineering BOM, Manufacturing BOM, and Service BOM.

• Engineering BOM lists all components needed for design, Manufacturing BOM includes materials and quantities for production, and Service BOM lists parts needed for maintenance or repair.

• BOM can also be categorized as sing...read more

Ageing process refers to the gradual deterioration of physiological functions over time.

• Ageing process is a natural biological phenomenon that occurs in all living organisms.

• It involves a decline in physical and mental capabilities as well as an increased susceptibility to diseases.

• Factors such as genetics, lifestyle choices, and environmental influences can impact the ageing process.

• Examples of ageing-related changes include wrinkles, decreased muscle mass, and cognitive dec...read more

Pitch of a ball screw is the distance a nut advances in one revolution of the screw.

• Pitch is typically expressed in millimeters or inches.

• To calculate pitch, divide the lead of the screw by the number of starts.

• For example, if a ball screw has a lead of 10mm and 2 starts, the pitch would be 5mm.

To find the longest path in a binary tree (leaf to leaf), we need to perform a depth-first search and keep track of the maximum path length.

• Perform a depth-first search on the binary tree, keeping track of the maximum path length encountered so far.

• At each node, calculate the maximum path length by adding the maximum left and right subtree depths.

• Update the maximum path length if the current path length is greater.

• Repeat this process for all nodes in the binary tree to find t...read more

Use a built-in function or algorithm to find the square root of a number up to 2 decimal places.

• Use a programming language's built-in function like sqrt() in Python or Math.sqrt() in JavaScript to find the square root of a number.

• If a built-in function is not available, implement an algorithm like Newton's method to approximate the square root.

• Round the result to 2 decimal places using a function like round() or toFixed().

Material requirements for a work can be calculated by multiplying the area of the work with the required thickness of the material.

• Calculate the area of the work in square meters

• Determine the required thickness of the material in meters

• Multiply the area with the thickness to get the material requirements in cubic meters

• Consider any wastage or additional material required for the work

Power leakage is the power dissipated in CMOS circuits when transistors are in off state, while dynamic power is the power dissipated during switching.

• Power leakage occurs due to subthreshold leakage currents in transistors when they are in off state

• Dynamic power is the power dissipated during charging and discharging of capacitive loads in CMOS circuits

• Power leakage increases with decreasing transistor size, while dynamic power increases with increasing clock frequency

• Techni...read more

The regions of operation of MOSFETs in a CMOS inverter are cutoff, triode, and saturation.

• MOSFET operates in cutoff region when Vgs < Vth

• MOSFET operates in triode region when Vgs > Vth and Vds < Vgs - Vth

• MOSFET operates in saturation region when Vgs > Vth and Vds > Vgs - Vth

• CMOS inverter uses both NMOS and PMOS transistors to achieve high noise immunity and low power consumption

Coefficient of friction is the ratio of the force required to move an object over a surface to the weight of the object.

• It is a dimensionless quantity.

• It depends on the nature of the surfaces in contact.

• It can be static or kinetic.

• It is used to calculate the force required to move an object over a surface.

• Examples: rubber on concrete has a higher coefficient of friction than ice on ice.

I have 5 years of experience in welding various materials such as steel, aluminum, and stainless steel.

• Certified in MIG, TIG, and stick welding techniques

• Experience in reading and interpreting blueprints and welding symbols

• Skilled in operating welding equipment and tools

• Knowledge of different welding processes and safety procedures

• Worked on projects involving structural welding and fabrication

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.

• Viscosity is the internal friction of a moving fluid, determined by the fluid's thickness and stickiness.

• It is commonly measured in units such as centipoise (cP) or Pascal-seconds (Pa.s).

• Higher viscosity fluids flow more slowly than lower viscosity fluids.

• Examples of high viscosity fluids include honey and molasses, while water has low viscosity.

Latent heat is the heat absorbed or released during a phase change, while sensible heat is the heat absorbed or released without a change in phase.

• Latent heat is the energy required to change the state of a substance, such as from solid to liquid or liquid to gas.

• Sensible heat is the heat that causes a change in temperature without a change in state.

• Examples of latent heat include melting ice or boiling water, while examples of sensible heat include heating a room with a heat...read more

AutoCAD header tabs are used to organize and access different functionalities within the software.

• Header tabs are located at the top of the AutoCAD interface.

• Each tab represents a different set of tools or functions.

• Tabs can include options for drawing, editing, annotating, and more.

• Users can easily switch between tabs to access the desired tools.

• Examples of header tabs in AutoCAD include Home, Insert, Annotate, Parametric, and View.

DFMEA stands for Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, while DFMA stands for Design for Manufacturability and Assembly.

• DFMEA is a systematic approach to identifying and preventing potential failure modes in a design.

• DFMEA involves analyzing each component of a design to determine potential failure modes, their effects, and the likelihood of occurrence.

• DFMA focuses on designing products that are easy to manufacture and assemble, reducing costs and improving efficiency.

• DFMA...read more