Tata Communications Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Floating routing is a technique used to route traffic between two networks without a direct physical connection.

• It involves creating a virtual interface on each network and configuring them to communicate with each other.

• This can be done using protocols such as GRE or IPsec.

• Floating routing can be useful in scenarios where a direct physical connection is not possible or desirable, such as connecting two data centers.

• Co...read more

Reverse lookup is the process of finding the hostname associated with a given IP address.

• It is commonly used in network troubleshooting.

• It can be performed using the 'nslookup' command in the command prompt.

• Reverse lookup is the opposite of forward lookup, which finds the IP address associated with a given hostname.

Use alternative network troubleshooting methods like traceroute, netstat, nslookup, and checking firewall rules.

• Use traceroute to identify the path taken by packets and locate any network issues.

• Use netstat to check for open ports and connections.

• Use nslookup to verify DNS resolution.

• Check firewall rules to ensure they are not blocking traffic.

• Use packet capture tools like Wireshark to analyze network traffic.

• Check sys...read more

CSS3 flexbox is a layout module that provides a more efficient way to align and distribute space among items in a container.

• Flexbox allows for flexible and responsive layouts without using floats or positioning.

• It uses a parent container and child elements with flexible properties to create the layout.

• Properties include justify-content, align-items, and flex-wrap.

• Flexbox is supported by all modern browsers.

• Example:

Position property in CSS3 is used to set the position of an element relative to its parent or the viewport.

• The position property can take values like static, relative, absolute, fixed, and sticky.

• Static is the default value and elements are positioned according to the normal flow of the document.

• Relative positions the element relative to its normal position.

• Absolute positions the element relative to its nearest positio...read more

Closure is a function that has access to its parent scope even after the parent function has returned.

• Closure allows for private variables and functions in JavaScript.

• It is created when a function returns another function.

• The inner function has access to the outer function's variables and parameters.

• Example: function outer() { let x = 10; return function inner() { console.log(x); } }

• Example: const innerFunc = outer();

Prototype is a property of an object that allows adding new properties and methods to an object.

• Prototype is a blueprint for creating objects

• It allows inheritance by sharing properties and methods between objects

• Modifying the prototype affects all objects created from it

• Prototype chain allows accessing properties and methods of parent objects

• Example: Array.prototype includes() method

Pipe is a feature in Angular that allows transforming data before displaying it in the view.

• Pipes are used to format and manipulate data in Angular templates.

• They can be used to filter, sort, and transform data.

• Pipes can be chained together to perform multiple transformations.

• Angular provides built-in pipes like DatePipe, CurrencyPipe, and LowerCasePipe.

• Custom pipes can also be created to meet specific requirements.

A directive is a component that adds behavior to an existing element or component in Angular.

• Directives are used to manipulate the DOM, add event listeners, and create reusable components.

• There are three types of directives in Angular: component, attribute, and structural.

• Examples of built-in directives in Angular include ngIf, ngFor, and ngStyle.

• Custom directives can be created using the @Directive decorator.

A component in Angular is a reusable piece of UI that consists of HTML, CSS, and TypeScript code.

• Components are the building blocks of Angular applications.

• Each component has its own logic and view.

• Components can be nested within other components.

• Components can communicate with each other using @Input and @Output decorators.

• Examples of components include a login form, a navigation menu, and a product list.

Observables are a way to handle asynchronous data streams in Angular using RxJS library.

• Observables are similar to promises but can handle multiple values over time.

• They can be used for handling events, HTTP requests, and other asynchronous operations.

• Operators can be used to transform, filter, and combine observables.

• Subscriptions are used to listen to observables and receive data.

• Example: fetching data from an API us

Event loop is a continuous process that runs in the background and handles all the events in the application.

• Event loop continuously checks for new events in the event queue.

• It processes each event one by one in a synchronous manner.

• If an event takes too long to process, it can block the event loop and cause the application to freeze.

• Event loop can be controlled using setTimeout(), setInterval(), and setImmediate() met...read more

Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network or internet connection in a given amount of time.

• Bandwidth is measured in bits per second (bps)

• Higher bandwidth means faster data transfer rates

• Bandwidth can be limited by factors such as network congestion or hardware limitations

• Examples of high bandwidth applications include video streaming and online gaming

I have learnt OSPF, Open Shortest Path First.

• OSPF is a link-state routing protocol.

• It uses Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the shortest path.

• It supports variable-length subnet masks.

• It uses multicast to communicate with other routers.

• It is commonly used in large enterprise networks.

• Example: OSPF is used in a company with multiple locations to ensure efficient routing of traffic between them.

The basic building blocks of communication are sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, and context.

• Sender: the person or entity who initiates the communication

• Message: the information being conveyed

• Channel: the medium through which the message is transmitted

• Receiver: the person or entity who receives the message

• Feedback: the response or reaction of the receiver to the message

• Context: the situation or environment