40+ Lupin Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

The mechanism of action of cardiac drugs and diabetes drugs varies depending on the specific drug.

• Cardiac drugs work by affecting the heart's electrical conduction system, blood vessels, or cardiac muscle cells.

• Examples of cardiac drugs include beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and ACE inhibitors.

• Diabetes drugs work by improving insulin sensitivity, increasing insulin production, or reducing glucose production in the liver.

• Examples of diabetes drugs include metformin, ...read more

The human body consists of several systems that work together to maintain overall health and function.

• Circulatory system: responsible for transporting blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body (e.g. heart, blood vessels)

• Respiratory system: involved in breathing and gas exchange (e.g. lungs, trachea)

• Digestive system: responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients (e.g. stomach, intestines)

• Nervous system: controls and coordinates body functions (e.g. brain, s...read more

Serialisation and track and trace system is a method used to uniquely identify and trace products throughout the supply chain.

• Serialisation involves assigning a unique serial number or code to each individual product or packaging unit.

• Track and trace system uses this serial number to track the movement of products from manufacturing to distribution to the end consumer.

• It helps in ensuring product authenticity, preventing counterfeiting, and improving supply chain visibility.

• S...read more

Corrective action is taken to fix a problem that has already occurred, while preventive action is taken to avoid a problem from happening in the future.

• Corrective action is reactive, while preventive action is proactive.

• Corrective action is taken after a problem has been identified, while preventive action is taken before a problem occurs.

• Examples of corrective action include repairing a machine that has broken down, while examples of preventive action include regular mainten...read more

The type of foil used during primary packing varies depending on the product and its requirements.

• Aluminum foil is commonly used for primary packing in the food industry.

• Blister packs in the pharmaceutical industry often use PVC or PVDC coated foil.

• In the medical field, sterile barrier systems may use Tyvek or other specialized foils.

• Different types of foils may be used for different purposes, such as moisture resistance or heat sealing.

• The choice of foil depends on factors l...read more

HPLC stands for High Performance Liquid Chromatography. It is a technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture.

• HPLC uses a stationary phase and a mobile phase to separate components based on their chemical properties.

• The stationary phase is typically a solid or liquid packed into a column, while the mobile phase is a liquid that flows through the column.

• Components in the mixture interact differently with the stationary and mobile phases, causing th...read more

Data backup can be taken using various methods such as cloud storage, external hard drives, and network-attached storage (NAS).

• Cloud storage: Use services like Google Drive, Dropbox, or Amazon S3 to store data remotely.

• External hard drives: Connect an external hard drive to the system and copy the data onto it.

• Network-attached storage (NAS): Set up a dedicated storage device on the network to backup data from multiple systems.

• Backup software: Utilize specialized backup softwa...read more

Change controls are procedures used to manage changes to a product or process.

• Change controls ensure that changes are properly evaluated, approved, and implemented

• They help to prevent errors, defects, and deviations from specifications

• Examples include changes to manufacturing processes, equipment, or materials

• Documentation and record-keeping are important aspects of change controls

A System Administrator can manage Https sites by configuring and maintaining the necessary security protocols and certificates.

• A System Administrator should have knowledge of SSL/TLS protocols and certificates.

• They should be able to configure web servers to support Https.

• They should regularly update and renew SSL certificates.

• They should monitor and troubleshoot any issues related to Https connections.

• They should ensure proper encryption and security measures are in place.

• Exa...read more

Lambert Beer's law relates the concentration of a solution to the amount of light absorbed by the solution.

• The law states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to its concentration and the path length of the light through the solution.

• It is commonly used in spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution.

• The law assumes that the solution is homogeneous, the absorbing species is in a single form, and the incident light is mono...read more

Deviation refers to the difference between an expected or planned outcome and the actual outcome.

• It is a measure of how far a result is from the expected or average result.

• Deviation can be positive or negative depending on whether the actual result is higher or lower than expected.

• It is commonly used in statistics to measure the variability of a set of data.

• For example, if the average height of a group of people is 5'6", but one person is 6'2", their height has a positive dev...read more

The type of condenser used in domestic air conditioners is typically the air-cooled condenser.

• Air-cooled condensers are the most common type used in residential air conditioners.

• They work by using a fan to blow air over the condenser coils, which helps to dissipate heat.

• This type of condenser does not require a separate water source for cooling.

• Examples of air-cooled condensers include the coil and fin condenser and the microchannel condenser.

The capillary tube is a component in the refrigeration cycle that helps regulate the flow of refrigerant.

• The capillary tube is a small, narrow tube made of copper or aluminum.

• It is located between the condenser and the evaporator in the refrigeration system.

• Its main function is to restrict the flow of high-pressure liquid refrigerant from the condenser to the low-pressure evaporator.

• By creating a pressure drop, the capillary tube allows the refrigerant to expand and evaporate...read more

Electrical energy use is my area of expertise and interest.

• I have specialized in electrical engineering and have a deep understanding of electrical systems.

• I am passionate about finding ways to optimize electrical energy use and reduce waste.

• I believe that electrical energy is a critical resource that needs to be managed carefully to ensure sustainability.

• My previous work experience has been in the electrical energy sector, where I have gained valuable knowledge and skills.

• I ...read more

GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practice and cGMP stands for Current Good Manufacturing Practice.

• GMP is a set of guidelines that ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.

• cGMP is an updated version of GMP that is currently in use.

• Both GMP and cGMP cover all aspects of the manufacturing process, including personnel, facilities, equipment, and documentation.

• Adherence to GMP and cGMP is mandatory for pharmaceutical companies to obtain regulatory approval for the...read more

GC stands for Gas Chromatography. Its principle is based on the separation of components of a mixture based on their partitioning between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.

• GC separates components of a mixture based on their partitioning between a stationary phase and a mobile phase

• It involves injecting a sample into a heated inlet, vaporizing it and then separating the components using a column

• The separated components are then detected and analyzed based on their retentio...read more

SST parameters and types, and difference between HPLC and UPLC.

• SST parameters include glucose, electrolytes, liver enzymes, and more.

• Types of SST include plain, gel, and clot activator.

• HPLC uses high pressure to separate compounds, while UPLC uses even higher pressure for faster separation.

• HPLC is better for larger molecules, while UPLC is better for smaller molecules.

• Both are used in pharmaceutical and biotech industries for drug development and quality control.

Change controls are procedures used to manage changes to a product or process.

• Document change requests

• Evaluate impact of change

• Obtain approval from relevant parties

• Implement change

• Verify effectiveness of change

• Maintain records of change

• Types include: design, process, equipment, material, and supplier changes

Capacity in RMG is calculated based on machine speed, working hours, and efficiency.

• Capacity = Machine speed x Working hours x Efficiency

• Machine speed is the maximum speed at which the machine can operate

• Working hours are the number of hours the machine is available for production

• Efficiency is the percentage of time the machine is actually producing output

• For example, if a machine has a speed of 100 units per hour, is available for 8 hours a day, and has an efficiency of 80%,...read more

There are various types of deviation that can occur in production processes.

• Material deviation - when the raw materials used in production are different from the specified ones

• Process deviation - when the production process deviates from the standard operating procedure

• Equipment deviation - when the equipment used in production is not functioning as intended

• Environmental deviation - when external factors such as temperature, humidity, or air quality affect the production proc...read more

The refrigeration cycle is a process that removes heat from a space and transfers it to the external environment.

• The cycle consists of four main components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator.

• The compressor compresses the refrigerant gas, raising its temperature and pressure.

• The high-pressure gas then flows into the condenser, where it releases heat and condenses into a high-pressure liquid.

• The liquid refrigerant passes through the expansion valve, which r...read more

Samba is a free and open-source software that allows file and print sharing between Linux and Windows systems.

• Samba server enables Linux machines to share files and printers with Windows machines.

• It uses the SMB/CIFS protocol to provide seamless integration with Windows clients.

• Samba can also act as a domain controller, allowing Windows clients to authenticate against a Linux server.

• Samba can be configured through its configuration file, smb.conf.

• Examples of Samba commands in...read more

The manufacturing process of solids involves several steps with in-process controls to ensure quality and consistency.

• Raw material selection and testing

• Granulation or compression

• Drying or curing

• Milling or sieving

• Blending and packaging

• In-process controls at each step to ensure quality and consistency

• Final product testing before release

NFS secure server is a network file system that provides secure access to shared files over a network.

• NFS secure server uses Kerberos authentication to provide secure access to shared files.

• It encrypts the data being transferred over the network to prevent eavesdropping.

• It also uses Access Control Lists (ACLs) to control access to shared files.

• Examples of NFS secure servers include Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Ubuntu.

• NFS secure server is commonly used in enterprise environmen...read more

Network teaming is the process of combining multiple network interfaces to work as a single interface.

• Teaming provides redundancy and load balancing.

• It can be done at the software or hardware level.

• Teaming can be configured for different modes such as active-backup, round-robin, and LACP.

• Examples of teaming software include Linux bonding and Windows NIC teaming.

A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume.

• Compressors are commonly used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

• They work by taking in low-pressure gas and compressing it to a higher pressure.

• This compression process reduces the volume of the gas, resulting in an increase in pressure.

• Compressors can be classified into positive displacement and dynamic types.

• Positive displacement compressors use pistons, scrolls, or r...read more

An archive is a collection of historical records or documents.

• Archives are used to preserve and organize important documents and records.

• Archives can be physical or digital.

• Examples of archives include the National Archives and Records Administration and the Internet Archive.

• Archives can be used for research, historical preservation, and legal purposes.

Electrical refers to anything related to electricity or the flow of electrons.

• It involves the study of electrical circuits, components, and systems.

• It includes the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical power.

• Examples of electrical devices include light bulbs, motors, and batteries.

• Electrical engineers design and develop electrical systems and equipment.

• Electrical safety is important to prevent electrical hazards and accidents.

TCP Wrapper is a host-based network access control mechanism.

• It provides an additional layer of security by filtering incoming network traffic based on the IP address of the remote host.

• It uses the /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny files to determine which hosts are allowed or denied access.

• It can be used to restrict access to specific services such as SSH, FTP, and Telnet.

• It can also be used to log connection attempts and send alerts when unauthorized access is attempted.

iptables is a Linux-based firewall tool that uses packet filtering and NAT to control network traffic.

• iptables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IP packet filter rules in the Linux kernel.

• It can be used to block or allow traffic based on various criteria such as IP address, port number, protocol, etc.

• iptables can also be used for Network Address Translation (NAT) to modify the source or destination IP address of packets.

• Examples of iptables commands inclu...read more

I would need more information on what specific process you are referring to.

• Can you please clarify which process you are asking about?

• Once I have more information, I can provide a detailed explanation of the process.

• Without knowing the specific process, it is difficult to give an exact answer.

Validation is the process of ensuring that a system or process meets predetermined requirements. GAMP Category 5 refers to software applications that are configurable and require minimal customization.

• Validation is the process of confirming that a system or process meets predefined specifications and quality standards.

• GAMP (Good Automated Manufacturing Practice) is a set of guidelines for the validation of automated systems in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries.

• GAMP...read more

A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases) by mechanical action.

• Pumps can be classified into two types: positive displacement pumps and centrifugal pumps.

• Positive displacement pumps work by trapping a fixed amount of fluid and forcing it into the discharge pipe.

• Centrifugal pumps work by converting rotational kinetic energy into hydrodynamic energy.

• Examples of pumps include water pumps, fuel pumps, and insulin pumps.

• Pumps are used in various industries such as pha...read more

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is a documented procedure that outlines the steps to be followed in a specific task or process.

• SOPs ensure consistency and quality in work processes

• They provide clear instructions to employees on how to perform tasks

• SOPs are used in various industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and finance

• Examples of SOPs include safety procedures, quality control measures, and equipment maintenance protocols

Parameters of equipment refer to the specific characteristics and settings that determine its performance.

• Parameters can include things like temperature, pressure, speed, and power usage.

• These parameters are often set by the manufacturer and can be adjusted by the operator.

• It is important to understand the parameters of each piece of equipment in order to ensure optimal performance and prevent damage or malfunction.

• Examples of equipment parameters include the maximum weight c...read more

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.

• Consists of primary and secondary coils

• Operates on the principle of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction

• Used to step up or step down voltage levels

• Commonly used in power distribution systems

The electrical field refers to the area of study and application of electricity and electromagnetism.

• Study of electrical circuits and components

• Application of electrical principles in devices and systems

• Understanding of electromagnetism and its effects

• Knowledge of electrical safety practices

Latent heat is the heat energy absorbed or released during a phase change without a change in temperature.

• Latent heat is the energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature.

• It is absorbed or released during phase changes such as melting, boiling, or condensation.

• Latent heat is responsible for the cooling effect of sweating.

• Examples include the heat absorbed when ice melts into water or the heat released when water vapor condenses into liqui...read more

A reactor is a vessel used for chemical reactions, such as in the production of pharmaceuticals.

• Reactors are used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce drugs and other chemicals.

• They can be used for various types of reactions, such as synthesis, fermentation, and purification.

• Reactors can be made of different materials, such as glass, stainless steel, or plastic.

• They can be operated at different temperatures and pressures depending on the reaction requirements.

• Examples of...read more

Quality control is essential to ensure that products meet standards and specifications before reaching customers.

• Quality control involves inspecting, testing, and sampling products to ensure they meet quality standards.

• It also involves identifying and resolving any defects or issues in the production process.

• Quality control helps to prevent defects, improve processes, and ultimately enhance customer satisfaction.

• Examples: conducting visual inspections, performing product test...read more