Define encapsulation and provide an example. Discuss the principles of inheritance and polymorphism.

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Encapsulation is the concept of bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit. Inheritance allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class. Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

Encapsulation helps in data hiding and abstraction
Example: A class 'Car' encapsulates data like make, model, and methods like start(), stop()
Inheritance allows for code reusability and promotes the concept of 'is-a' relationship
Example: Class 'SUV' inherits from class 'Car' and adds specific attributes like offRoadMode()
Polymorphism allows for flexibility in method implementation based on the object's type
Example: A method 'drive()' can behave differently for a 'Car' object and an 'SUV' object

Define encapsulation and provide an example. Discuss the principles of inheritance and polymorphism.

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